Submarine lava deltas of the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea volcano.
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| Title: | Submarine lava deltas of the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea volcano. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Soule, S. Adam1 (AUTHOR) adamsoule@uri.edu, Zoeller, Michael2 (AUTHOR), Parcheta, Carolyn2 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Bulletin of Volcanology. Apr2021, Vol. 83 Issue 4, p1-16. 16p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Submarine fans, *Volcanic eruptions, *Submarine volcanoes, *Lava flows, *Grain size, *Lava |
| Geographic Terms: | Kilauea Volcano (Hawaii) |
| Abstract: | Hawaiian and other ocean island lava flows that reach the coastline can deposit significant volumes of lava in submarine deltas. The catastrophic collapse of these deltas represents one of the most significant, but least predictable, volcanic hazards at ocean islands. The volume of lava deposited below sea level in delta-forming eruptions and the mechanisms of delta construction and destruction are rarely documented. Here, we report on bathymetric surveys and ROV observations following the Kīlauea 2018 eruption that, along with a comparison to the deltas formed at Pu'u 'Ō'ō over the past decade, provide new insight into delta formation. Bathymetric differencing reveals that the 2018 deltas contain more than half of the total volume of lava erupted. In addition, we find that the 2018 deltas are comprised largely of coarse-grained volcanic breccias and intact lava flows, which contrast with those at Pu'u 'Ō'ō that contain a large fraction of fine-grained hyaloclastite. We attribute this difference to less efficient fragmentation of the 2018 'a'ā flows leading to fragmentation by collapse rather than hydrovolcanic explosion. We suggest a mechanistic model where the characteristic grain size influences the form and stability of the delta with fine grain size deltas (Pu'u 'Ō'ō) experiencing larger landslides with greater run-out supported by increased pore pressure and with coarse grain size deltas (Kīlauea 2018) experiencing smaller landslides that quickly stop as the pore pressure rapidly dissipates. This difference, if validated for other lava deltas, would provide a means to assess potential delta stability in future eruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Database: | Energy & Power Source |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: enr DbLabel: Energy & Power Source An: 149867235 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Submarine lava deltas of the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea volcano. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Soule%2C+S%2E+Adam%22">Soule, S. Adam</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> adamsoule@uri.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zoeller%2C+Michael%22">Zoeller, Michael</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Parcheta%2C+Carolyn%22">Parcheta, Carolyn</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Bulletin+of+Volcanology%22">Bulletin of Volcanology</searchLink>. Apr2021, Vol. 83 Issue 4, p1-16. 16p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Submarine+fans%22">Submarine fans</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcanic+eruptions%22">Volcanic eruptions</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Submarine+volcanoes%22">Submarine volcanoes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lava+flows%22">Lava flows</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grain+size%22">Grain size</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lava%22">Lava</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kilauea+Volcano+%28Hawaii%29%22">Kilauea Volcano (Hawaii)</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Hawaiian and other ocean island lava flows that reach the coastline can deposit significant volumes of lava in submarine deltas. The catastrophic collapse of these deltas represents one of the most significant, but least predictable, volcanic hazards at ocean islands. The volume of lava deposited below sea level in delta-forming eruptions and the mechanisms of delta construction and destruction are rarely documented. Here, we report on bathymetric surveys and ROV observations following the Kīlauea 2018 eruption that, along with a comparison to the deltas formed at Pu'u 'Ō'ō over the past decade, provide new insight into delta formation. Bathymetric differencing reveals that the 2018 deltas contain more than half of the total volume of lava erupted. In addition, we find that the 2018 deltas are comprised largely of coarse-grained volcanic breccias and intact lava flows, which contrast with those at Pu'u 'Ō'ō that contain a large fraction of fine-grained hyaloclastite. We attribute this difference to less efficient fragmentation of the 2018 'a'ā flows leading to fragmentation by collapse rather than hydrovolcanic explosion. We suggest a mechanistic model where the characteristic grain size influences the form and stability of the delta with fine grain size deltas (Pu'u 'Ō'ō) experiencing larger landslides with greater run-out supported by increased pore pressure and with coarse grain size deltas (Kīlauea 2018) experiencing smaller landslides that quickly stop as the pore pressure rapidly dissipates. This difference, if validated for other lava deltas, would provide a means to assess potential delta stability in future eruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=149867235 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00445-020-01424-1 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 16 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Submarine fans Type: general – SubjectFull: Volcanic eruptions Type: general – SubjectFull: Submarine volcanoes Type: general – SubjectFull: Lava flows Type: general – SubjectFull: Grain size Type: general – SubjectFull: Lava Type: general – SubjectFull: Kilauea Volcano (Hawaii) Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Submarine lava deltas of the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea volcano. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Soule, S. Adam – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zoeller, Michael – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Parcheta, Carolyn IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 04 Text: Apr2021 Type: published Y: 2021 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 02588900 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 83 – Type: issue Value: 4 Titles: – TitleFull: Bulletin of Volcanology Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
