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Microclimate of grass canopies and biomass accumulation are influenced by the use of caged exclosures in grazing research.

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Title: Microclimate of grass canopies and biomass accumulation are influenced by the use of caged exclosures in grazing research.
Authors: Yasuoka, Junior Issamu1 (AUTHOR), Pedreira, Carlos Guilherme Silveira1 (AUTHOR) cgspedreira@usp.br, Holcman, Ester2 (AUTHOR), Sentelhas, Paulo Cesar2 (AUTHOR), Pedroso, Gabriel Baracat1 (AUTHOR), de Almeida, Otávio Goulart1 (AUTHOR), Holschuch, Solange Garcia1 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Biometeorology. Jan2022, Vol. 66 Issue 1, p45-54. 10p.
Subject Terms: *Grazing, *Biomass, *Solar radiation, *Wind speed, *Brachiaria, *Forage plants
Abstract: Exclosure cages are often used for estimating biomass accumulation on continuously stocked pastures in grazing experiments. The microclimate inside the cages may affect the estimates of biomass accumulation, but this has not been previously identified or quantified. We evaluated how the exclusion from grazing for 21 days in Mulato II brachiariagrass (Brachiaria brizantha × Brachiaria decumbens × Brachiaria ruziziensis) pastures affected canopy air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) and how this related to biomass accumulation. We also evaluated the effect of the exclosure cage on wind speed (WS) and incoming solar radiation (SR), and how these impacted evapotranspiration (ET) and estimates of biomass accumulation on grazed canopies maintained at 20- and 30-cm height under continuous stocking. Regardless of canopy height, changes in canopy structure during the exclusion period up to 21 days did not affect T and RH (averages of 24.3 °C and 88.7%, respectively), indicating that the air circulation was not affected by the exclusion. The cage structure reduced SR by 5%, although there were times during clear days when SR was slightly greater inside the cage than outside. The cage also reduced WS by 4.4%. Smaller SR and WS resulted in less ET inside the cages than outside, although with close values (2.9 vs. 3.0 mm day−1; P = 0.0494). The biomass accumulation rate was greater inside than outside the cages for both canopy heights. This overestimation would be 5.8 and 9.7% greater if the structure of the cage did not reduce the SR, WS, and ET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Microclimate of grass canopies and biomass accumulation are influenced by the use of caged exclosures in grazing research.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yasuoka%2C+Junior+Issamu%22">Yasuoka, Junior Issamu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pedreira%2C+Carlos+Guilherme+Silveira%22">Pedreira, Carlos Guilherme Silveira</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> cgspedreira@usp.br</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Holcman%2C+Ester%22">Holcman, Ester</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sentelhas%2C+Paulo+Cesar%22">Sentelhas, Paulo Cesar</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pedroso%2C+Gabriel+Baracat%22">Pedroso, Gabriel Baracat</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+Almeida%2C+Otávio+Goulart%22">de Almeida, Otávio Goulart</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Holschuch%2C+Solange+Garcia%22">Holschuch, Solange Garcia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Biometeorology%22">International Journal of Biometeorology</searchLink>. Jan2022, Vol. 66 Issue 1, p45-54. 10p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grazing%22">Grazing</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomass%22">Biomass</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+radiation%22">Solar radiation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wind+speed%22">Wind speed</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brachiaria%22">Brachiaria</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forage+plants%22">Forage plants</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Exclosure cages are often used for estimating biomass accumulation on continuously stocked pastures in grazing experiments. The microclimate inside the cages may affect the estimates of biomass accumulation, but this has not been previously identified or quantified. We evaluated how the exclusion from grazing for 21 days in Mulato II brachiariagrass (Brachiaria brizantha × Brachiaria decumbens × Brachiaria ruziziensis) pastures affected canopy air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) and how this related to biomass accumulation. We also evaluated the effect of the exclosure cage on wind speed (WS) and incoming solar radiation (SR), and how these impacted evapotranspiration (ET) and estimates of biomass accumulation on grazed canopies maintained at 20- and 30-cm height under continuous stocking. Regardless of canopy height, changes in canopy structure during the exclusion period up to 21 days did not affect T and RH (averages of 24.3 °C and 88.7%, respectively), indicating that the air circulation was not affected by the exclusion. The cage structure reduced SR by 5%, although there were times during clear days when SR was slightly greater inside the cage than outside. The cage also reduced WS by 4.4%. Smaller SR and WS resulted in less ET inside the cages than outside, although with close values (2.9 vs. 3.0 mm day−1; P = 0.0494). The biomass accumulation rate was greater inside than outside the cages for both canopy heights. This overestimation would be 5.8 and 9.7% greater if the structure of the cage did not reduce the SR, WS, and ET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1007/s00484-021-02187-w
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 45
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Grazing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomass
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar radiation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wind speed
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brachiaria
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Forage plants
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Microclimate of grass canopies and biomass accumulation are influenced by the use of caged exclosures in grazing research.
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            NameFull: Yasuoka, Junior Issamu
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            NameFull: Pedreira, Carlos Guilherme Silveira
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            NameFull: Holcman, Ester
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            NameFull: Sentelhas, Paulo Cesar
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            NameFull: Pedroso, Gabriel Baracat
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            NameFull: de Almeida, Otávio Goulart
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2022
              Type: published
              Y: 2022
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              Value: 00207128
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              Value: 66
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Biometeorology
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