Using deep neural networks for evaluation of soil quality based on VIS–NIR spectroscopy.
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| Title: | Using deep neural networks for evaluation of soil quality based on VIS–NIR spectroscopy. |
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| Authors: | Safaie, Mehdi1 (AUTHOR), Hosseinpour-Zarnaq, Mohammad1 (AUTHOR) hosseinpour.moh1@gmail.com, Omid, Mahmoud1 (AUTHOR) omid@ut.ac.ir, Sarmadian, Fereydoon1 (AUTHOR), Ghasemi-Mobtaker, Hassan1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Earth Science Informatics. Feb2024, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p271-281. 11p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Artificial neural networks, *Convolutional neural networks, *Partial least squares regression, *Soil quality, *Soil texture, *Structural optimization |
| Abstract: | This study is focused on evaluating the potential of deep neural networks for assessing soil properties based on VIS–NIR spectroscopy with spectral wavelength ranges of 350–2500 nm and 10 nm resolution on a global scale. The dataset was provided by the ICRAF-ISRIC soil spectral library and consists of 4438 samples from 58 countries. In This research we used the powerful one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neural network (CNN) models to predict soil organic carbon (OC), pH, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), cation exchange capacity (CEC), effective CEC (ECEC), sum of cations (SC), base saturation (BS), exchangeable acidity (ACe), exchangeable cations (aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K)), silt, sand and clay content. Also, traditional regression approaches of spectral data including partial least squares regression (PLSR), multilayer perceptron (MLP) and random forest (RF) with optimum preprocessing of spectral data were also tested and the models' performances were evaluated and compared. The optimum structure of models was determined by testing different components for PLSR, selecting the best number of neurons in the hidden layer, activation functions, and solvers for MLP, and finding the proper number of trees and maximum depth in RF. The CNN-based model estimated the OC, pH, CaCO3, CEC, ECEC, SC, BS, ACe, Al, Ca, Mg, Na, K, silt, sand and clay content with the ratio of percent deviation (RPD) of 2.98, 1.9, 2.48, 2.01, 2.05, 2.39, 1.97, 1.01, 1.59, 2.06, 1.72, 1.69, 1.29, 1.38, 1.8 and 1.97, respectively. We evaluated the performance of CNN-based methods with an effective architecture for soil spectral data analysis. The CNN model outperforms other regression algorithms in terms of accuracy and low predicting errors using non-preprocessed data. However, the use of diverse soil properties for modeling spectral data can provide sufficient information on the advantages and disadvantages of VIS–NIR data in predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Database: | Energy & Power Source |
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| Header | DbId: enr DbLabel: Energy & Power Source An: 175021553 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Using deep neural networks for evaluation of soil quality based on VIS–NIR spectroscopy. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Safaie%2C+Mehdi%22">Safaie, Mehdi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hosseinpour-Zarnaq%2C+Mohammad%22">Hosseinpour-Zarnaq, Mohammad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hosseinpour.moh1@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Omid%2C+Mahmoud%22">Omid, Mahmoud</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> omid@ut.ac.ir</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sarmadian%2C+Fereydoon%22">Sarmadian, Fereydoon</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ghasemi-Mobtaker%2C+Hassan%22">Ghasemi-Mobtaker, Hassan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Earth+Science+Informatics%22">Earth Science Informatics</searchLink>. Feb2024, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p271-281. 11p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+neural+networks%22">Artificial neural networks</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Convolutional+neural+networks%22">Convolutional neural networks</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Partial+least+squares+regression%22">Partial least squares regression</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+quality%22">Soil quality</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+texture%22">Soil texture</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+optimization%22">Structural optimization</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This study is focused on evaluating the potential of deep neural networks for assessing soil properties based on VIS–NIR spectroscopy with spectral wavelength ranges of 350–2500 nm and 10 nm resolution on a global scale. The dataset was provided by the ICRAF-ISRIC soil spectral library and consists of 4438 samples from 58 countries. In This research we used the powerful one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neural network (CNN) models to predict soil organic carbon (OC), pH, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), cation exchange capacity (CEC), effective CEC (ECEC), sum of cations (SC), base saturation (BS), exchangeable acidity (ACe), exchangeable cations (aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K)), silt, sand and clay content. Also, traditional regression approaches of spectral data including partial least squares regression (PLSR), multilayer perceptron (MLP) and random forest (RF) with optimum preprocessing of spectral data were also tested and the models' performances were evaluated and compared. The optimum structure of models was determined by testing different components for PLSR, selecting the best number of neurons in the hidden layer, activation functions, and solvers for MLP, and finding the proper number of trees and maximum depth in RF. The CNN-based model estimated the OC, pH, CaCO3, CEC, ECEC, SC, BS, ACe, Al, Ca, Mg, Na, K, silt, sand and clay content with the ratio of percent deviation (RPD) of 2.98, 1.9, 2.48, 2.01, 2.05, 2.39, 1.97, 1.01, 1.59, 2.06, 1.72, 1.69, 1.29, 1.38, 1.8 and 1.97, respectively. We evaluated the performance of CNN-based methods with an effective architecture for soil spectral data analysis. The CNN model outperforms other regression algorithms in terms of accuracy and low predicting errors using non-preprocessed data. However, the use of diverse soil properties for modeling spectral data can provide sufficient information on the advantages and disadvantages of VIS–NIR data in predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s12145-023-01168-4 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 11 StartPage: 271 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Artificial neural networks Type: general – SubjectFull: Convolutional neural networks Type: general – SubjectFull: Partial least squares regression Type: general – SubjectFull: Soil quality Type: general – SubjectFull: Soil texture Type: general – SubjectFull: Structural optimization Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Using deep neural networks for evaluation of soil quality based on VIS–NIR spectroscopy. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Safaie, Mehdi – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hosseinpour-Zarnaq, Mohammad – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Omid, Mahmoud – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sarmadian, Fereydoon – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ghasemi-Mobtaker, Hassan IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 02 Text: Feb2024 Type: published Y: 2024 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 18650473 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 17 – Type: issue Value: 1 Titles: – TitleFull: Earth Science Informatics Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |