Modeling and mapping sea surface gage height using satellite remote sensing data.

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Title: Modeling and mapping sea surface gage height using satellite remote sensing data.
Authors: Suwal, Naresh1 (AUTHOR), Deng, Zhiqiang1 (AUTHOR) zdeng@lsu.edu
Source: Earth Science Informatics. Aug2024, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p3271-3285. 15p.
Subject Terms: *Artificial neural networks, *Machine learning, *Coastal zone management, *Standard deviations, *Random forest algorithms
Abstract: Sea surface gage height (SSGH) data are commonly measured at sparsely deployed tidal stations while coastal resources management requires spatially distributed SSGH data. This paper presents three different machine learning models, including a Random Forest (RF) model, an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model, and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, for retrieving and mapping spatially distributed SSGH. The models were originally developed and independently validated using 10 years of VIIRS satellite remote sensing data and corresponding in-situ gage height (GH) data within the MATLAB ANN toolbox and RStudio. The paper made two major new contributions to the determination of SSGH, including a scientific contribution and a technical contribution. Scientifically, this paper has provided new insights into important factors affecting SSGH. The SSGH varies significantly with the location (GPS coordinates) and Julian Day with both factors affecting the tide and thus SSGH. SSGH is also affected by sea surface waves that affect the reflectance of light from different wavelengths of satellite sensors, which are described with the VIIRS remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) bands including Rrs 410, 443, 486, 551, and 671. Technically, the machine learning models, particularly the ANN model, are capable of providing the most accurate and spatially distributed SSGH data particularly for coastal waters, as characterized by the model performance metrics including the correlation coefficient R value of 0.94 for training, 0.94 for validation, and 0.93 for testing and the low root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.113 m for training, 0.113 m for validation, and 0.118 m for testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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  Data: Modeling and mapping sea surface gage height using satellite remote sensing data.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Suwal%2C+Naresh%22">Suwal, Naresh</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Deng%2C+Zhiqiang%22">Deng, Zhiqiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zdeng@lsu.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Earth+Science+Informatics%22">Earth Science Informatics</searchLink>. Aug2024, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p3271-3285. 15p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+neural+networks%22">Artificial neural networks</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Machine+learning%22">Machine learning</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coastal+zone+management%22">Coastal zone management</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Standard+deviations%22">Standard deviations</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Random+forest+algorithms%22">Random forest algorithms</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Sea surface gage height (SSGH) data are commonly measured at sparsely deployed tidal stations while coastal resources management requires spatially distributed SSGH data. This paper presents three different machine learning models, including a Random Forest (RF) model, an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model, and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, for retrieving and mapping spatially distributed SSGH. The models were originally developed and independently validated using 10 years of VIIRS satellite remote sensing data and corresponding in-situ gage height (GH) data within the MATLAB ANN toolbox and RStudio. The paper made two major new contributions to the determination of SSGH, including a scientific contribution and a technical contribution. Scientifically, this paper has provided new insights into important factors affecting SSGH. The SSGH varies significantly with the location (GPS coordinates) and Julian Day with both factors affecting the tide and thus SSGH. SSGH is also affected by sea surface waves that affect the reflectance of light from different wavelengths of satellite sensors, which are described with the VIIRS remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) bands including Rrs 410, 443, 486, 551, and 671. Technically, the machine learning models, particularly the ANN model, are capable of providing the most accurate and spatially distributed SSGH data particularly for coastal waters, as characterized by the model performance metrics including the correlation coefficient R value of 0.94 for training, 0.94 for validation, and 0.93 for testing and the low root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.113 m for training, 0.113 m for validation, and 0.118 m for testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s12145-024-01350-2
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 3271
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Artificial neural networks
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Machine learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coastal zone management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Standard deviations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Random forest algorithms
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Modeling and mapping sea surface gage height using satellite remote sensing data.
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            NameFull: Suwal, Naresh
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            NameFull: Deng, Zhiqiang
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            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: Aug2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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              Value: 17
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              Value: 4
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            – TitleFull: Earth Science Informatics
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