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Biomass to biofuel: Optimizing sustainable biodiesel production from fish waste and thermodynamic‐kinetic analysis.

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Title: Biomass to biofuel: Optimizing sustainable biodiesel production from fish waste and thermodynamic‐kinetic analysis.
Authors: Shalfoh, Ehsan1,2 (AUTHOR), Ahmad, Mardiana Idayu1,3 (AUTHOR) mardianaidayu@usm.my, Binhweel, Fozy1 (AUTHOR), Shaah, Marwan Abdulhakim1 (AUTHOR), Senusi, Wardah1 (AUTHOR), Alsaadi, Sami1 (AUTHOR), Shakir, Mohammad Aliff1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining. May2025, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p654-677. 24p.
Subject Terms: *Sustainability, *Clean energy, *Thermodynamics, *Fish waste, *Supercritical fluid extraction
Abstract: The increasing volume of organic waste, particularly from landfills, presents a serious environmental challenge, and reliance on petrodiesel has intensified concerns over diminishing fuel resources. Optimizing the conversion of biomass, such as fish waste, into biodiesel while improving process efficiency and understanding the reaction dynamics represents a key challenge. This study explores fish waste as a renewable feedstock for biodiesel production, contributing to sustainable energy solutions. Supercritical fluid extraction using carbon dioxide was employed to extract fish lipid efficiently, achieving a maximum yield of 77.2% under optimal conditions of 80 °C, 30 MPa pressure, and 60 min of extraction time. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to identify the optimal conditions for maximizing biodiesel yield during catalytic transesterification by varying the temperature (55–75 °C), the molar ratio (3:1–15:1), catalyst concentration (NaOH 0.5–2.5 wt%), and the reaction time (45 to 105 min). The optimized transesterification conditions, consisting of a reaction temperature of 60 °C, 2 wt% NaOH as the catalyst, and a reaction time of 90 min, resulted in a biodiesel yield of 92.1%. A second‐order kinetic model and Eyring's theory were used to investigate the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the reaction, providing deeper insights into the efficiency of the process. The biodiesel produced conformed to established commercial standards, specifically EN 14214 and ASTM D6751. These findings emphasize the potential of utilizing fish waste as a viable, sustainable feedstock for biodiesel and reducing environmental waste while advancing renewable energy technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 185123028
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Biomass to biofuel: Optimizing sustainable biodiesel production from fish waste and thermodynamic‐kinetic analysis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+%26+Biorefining%22">Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining</searchLink>. May2025, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p654-677. 24p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainability%22">Sustainability</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clean+energy%22">Clean energy</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermodynamics%22">Thermodynamics</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fish+waste%22">Fish waste</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Supercritical+fluid+extraction%22">Supercritical fluid extraction</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The increasing volume of organic waste, particularly from landfills, presents a serious environmental challenge, and reliance on petrodiesel has intensified concerns over diminishing fuel resources. Optimizing the conversion of biomass, such as fish waste, into biodiesel while improving process efficiency and understanding the reaction dynamics represents a key challenge. This study explores fish waste as a renewable feedstock for biodiesel production, contributing to sustainable energy solutions. Supercritical fluid extraction using carbon dioxide was employed to extract fish lipid efficiently, achieving a maximum yield of 77.2% under optimal conditions of 80 °C, 30 MPa pressure, and 60 min of extraction time. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to identify the optimal conditions for maximizing biodiesel yield during catalytic transesterification by varying the temperature (55–75 °C), the molar ratio (3:1–15:1), catalyst concentration (NaOH 0.5–2.5 wt%), and the reaction time (45 to 105 min). The optimized transesterification conditions, consisting of a reaction temperature of 60 °C, 2 wt% NaOH as the catalyst, and a reaction time of 90 min, resulted in a biodiesel yield of 92.1%. A second‐order kinetic model and Eyring's theory were used to investigate the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the reaction, providing deeper insights into the efficiency of the process. The biodiesel produced conformed to established commercial standards, specifically EN 14214 and ASTM D6751. These findings emphasize the potential of utilizing fish waste as a viable, sustainable feedstock for biodiesel and reducing environmental waste while advancing renewable energy technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1002/bbb.2724
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 24
        StartPage: 654
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Sustainability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Clean energy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermodynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fish waste
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Supercritical fluid extraction
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Biomass to biofuel: Optimizing sustainable biodiesel production from fish waste and thermodynamic‐kinetic analysis.
        Type: main
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    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Shalfoh, Ehsan
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            NameFull: Ahmad, Mardiana Idayu
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Binhweel, Fozy
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Shaah, Marwan Abdulhakim
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            NameFull: Senusi, Wardah
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            NameFull: Alsaadi, Sami
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            NameFull: Shakir, Mohammad Aliff
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 1932104X
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              Value: 19
            – Type: issue
              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining
              Type: main
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