Solar FaultNet: Advanced Fault Detection and Classification in Solar PV Systems Using SwinProba‐GeNet and BaBa Optimizer Models.

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Title: Solar FaultNet: Advanced Fault Detection and Classification in Solar PV Systems Using SwinProba‐GeNet and BaBa Optimizer Models.
Authors: Balachandran, Praveen Kumar1,2,3,4 (AUTHOR) praveen@ukm.edu.my, Zainuri, Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd1 (AUTHOR) ammirrulatiqi@ukm.edu.my, Alsaif, Faisal5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energy Science & Engineering. Jul2025, Vol. 13 Issue 7, p3551-3568. 18p.
Subject Terms: *Renewable energy sources, *Photovoltaic power systems, *Machine learning, *Clean energy, *Error rates, *Deep learning, *Solar technology
Abstract: Detection of faults in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is an important concern to guarantee that renewable energy source generation keeps its efficiency and reliability. It directly affects the development of sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially those on affordable and clean energy and climate action. However, most of the existing research studies related to fault detection methods have suffered from low accuracy, higher error rates, and time‐consuming processes when dealing with complex fault types in real‐time. The work is therefore targeted at trying to address these challenges in the development of an efficient and reliable model that could be applicable in the fault detection for solar PV systems. It also proposes the Solar FaultNet‐a novel deep learning‐based approach that significantly improves fault detection performance in solar PV systems and integrates the model with state‐of‐the‐art ML techniques like CNN and LSTM to capture inherent complex patterns and interdependencies of fault data. Besides, the proposed model outperforms conventional machine‐learning algorithms and state‐of‐the‐art deep‐ learning models for better performance by yielding higher accuracy, precision, recall, F1‐score, and low error rate on various fault types such as PV array faults, inverter faults, grid synchronization faults, and environmental faults. Experimental results show that Solar FaultNet outperforms the existing state‐of‐the‐art machine‐learning algorithms and deep‐learning architectures, achieving a precision of 99.1%, recall of 99%, F1‐score of 98.9%, and an error rate as low as 0.018%. In addition, the model enjoys high efficiency at 15 s training time and 25 s testing time in handling various types of faults such as PV array faults, inverter faults, grid synchronization faults, and environmental faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Solar FaultNet: Advanced Fault Detection and Classification in Solar PV Systems Using SwinProba‐GeNet and BaBa Optimizer Models.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Balachandran%2C+Praveen+Kumar%22">Balachandran, Praveen Kumar</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> praveen@ukm.edu.my</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zainuri%2C+Muhammad+Ammirrul+Atiqi+Mohd%22">Zainuri, Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ammirrulatiqi@ukm.edu.my</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alsaif%2C+Faisal%22">Alsaif, Faisal</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energy+Science+%26+Engineering%22">Energy Science & Engineering</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 13 Issue 7, p3551-3568. 18p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Renewable+energy+sources%22">Renewable energy sources</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photovoltaic+power+systems%22">Photovoltaic power systems</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Machine+learning%22">Machine learning</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clean+energy%22">Clean energy</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Error+rates%22">Error rates</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deep+learning%22">Deep learning</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+technology%22">Solar technology</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Detection of faults in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is an important concern to guarantee that renewable energy source generation keeps its efficiency and reliability. It directly affects the development of sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially those on affordable and clean energy and climate action. However, most of the existing research studies related to fault detection methods have suffered from low accuracy, higher error rates, and time‐consuming processes when dealing with complex fault types in real‐time. The work is therefore targeted at trying to address these challenges in the development of an efficient and reliable model that could be applicable in the fault detection for solar PV systems. It also proposes the Solar FaultNet‐a novel deep learning‐based approach that significantly improves fault detection performance in solar PV systems and integrates the model with state‐of‐the‐art ML techniques like CNN and LSTM to capture inherent complex patterns and interdependencies of fault data. Besides, the proposed model outperforms conventional machine‐learning algorithms and state‐of‐the‐art deep‐ learning models for better performance by yielding higher accuracy, precision, recall, F1‐score, and low error rate on various fault types such as PV array faults, inverter faults, grid synchronization faults, and environmental faults. Experimental results show that Solar FaultNet outperforms the existing state‐of‐the‐art machine‐learning algorithms and deep‐learning architectures, achieving a precision of 99.1%, recall of 99%, F1‐score of 98.9%, and an error rate as low as 0.018%. In addition, the model enjoys high efficiency at 15 s training time and 25 s testing time in handling various types of faults such as PV array faults, inverter faults, grid synchronization faults, and environmental faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/ese3.70113
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
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        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 3551
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Renewable energy sources
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photovoltaic power systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Machine learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Clean energy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Error rates
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deep learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar technology
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Solar FaultNet: Advanced Fault Detection and Classification in Solar PV Systems Using SwinProba‐GeNet and BaBa Optimizer Models.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Balachandran, Praveen Kumar
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            NameFull: Zainuri, Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd
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          Name:
            NameFull: Alsaif, Faisal
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 20500505
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              Value: 13
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              Value: 7
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            – TitleFull: Energy Science & Engineering
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