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Discrimination of natural and nonnatural earthquakes using a vision transformer.

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Title: Discrimination of natural and nonnatural earthquakes using a vision transformer.
Authors: Song, Jindong1,2 (AUTHOR), Luan, Shicheng1,2 (AUTHOR), Shen, Jie1,2 (AUTHOR), Miao, Fajun3 (AUTHOR), Li, Shanyou1,2 (AUTHOR), Ma, Qiang1,2 (AUTHOR), Dai, Haozhen1,2 (AUTHOR), Wu, Canjin4 (AUTHOR), Chen, Qiyang4 (AUTHOR), Zhu, Jingbao1,2 (AUTHOR) zhujingbao@iem.ac.cn
Source: Journal of Seismology. Jun2025, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p585-601. 17p.
Subject Terms: *Transformer models, *Support vector machines, *Random forest algorithms, *Machine learning, *Decision trees
Abstract: Rapidly and reliably distinguishing between natural and nonnatural small-scale earthquakes is crucial for earthquake monitoring and seismic activity analyses. In this study, we propose a vision transformer for seismology (SeisViT) to discriminate between natural and non-natural earthquakes. Our SeisViT is based on a vision transformer (ViT) network that introduces a multihead self-attention mechanism, which can effectively capture and focus on important features from seismic waveforms.The SeisViT model processes three-component raw waveforms from a single seismic station, using data collected from natural and nonnatural earthquakes in China. Through a comprehensive evaluation of hyperparameters—including learning rate, number of transformer encoder layers, and patch size-we optimized the SeisViT architecture to achieve maximal performance. Our results demonstrate that the SeisViT model, with a learning rate of 10-3, six transformer encoder layers, and a patch size of eight, achieves superior accuracy in discriminating natural from nonnatural earthquakes. Compared to conventional models such as multilayer perceptron (MLP), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM), the SeisViT model achieved the highest accuracy (90.17%), precision (89.68%), recall (89.90%), and F1 score (89.79%) on the test dataset. These results underscore the potential of the SeisViT model as a significant advancement for earthquake monitoring with promising applications in seismology. Highlights: A SeisViT model using vision transformer network is proposed to discriminate between natural and nonnatural earthquakes. SeisViT model obtains optimal performance through the control variable method to optimize hyperparameters. SeisViT model outperforms the baseline models in terms of discriminating between natural and nonnatural earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 186711462
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Discrimination of natural and nonnatural earthquakes using a vision transformer.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Song%2C+Jindong%22">Song, Jindong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luan%2C+Shicheng%22">Luan, Shicheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shen%2C+Jie%22">Shen, Jie</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Miao%2C+Fajun%22">Miao, Fajun</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Shanyou%22">Li, Shanyou</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ma%2C+Qiang%22">Ma, Qiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dai%2C+Haozhen%22">Dai, Haozhen</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Canjin%22">Wu, Canjin</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Qiyang%22">Chen, Qiyang</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Jingbao%22">Zhu, Jingbao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zhujingbao@iem.ac.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Seismology%22">Journal of Seismology</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p585-601. 17p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transformer+models%22">Transformer models</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Support+vector+machines%22">Support vector machines</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Random+forest+algorithms%22">Random forest algorithms</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Machine+learning%22">Machine learning</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Decision+trees%22">Decision trees</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Rapidly and reliably distinguishing between natural and nonnatural small-scale earthquakes is crucial for earthquake monitoring and seismic activity analyses. In this study, we propose a vision transformer for seismology (SeisViT) to discriminate between natural and non-natural earthquakes. Our SeisViT is based on a vision transformer (ViT) network that introduces a multihead self-attention mechanism, which can effectively capture and focus on important features from seismic waveforms.The SeisViT model processes three-component raw waveforms from a single seismic station, using data collected from natural and nonnatural earthquakes in China. Through a comprehensive evaluation of hyperparameters—including learning rate, number of transformer encoder layers, and patch size-we optimized the SeisViT architecture to achieve maximal performance. Our results demonstrate that the SeisViT model, with a learning rate of 10-3, six transformer encoder layers, and a patch size of eight, achieves superior accuracy in discriminating natural from nonnatural earthquakes. Compared to conventional models such as multilayer perceptron (MLP), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM), the SeisViT model achieved the highest accuracy (90.17%), precision (89.68%), recall (89.90%), and F1 score (89.79%) on the test dataset. These results underscore the potential of the SeisViT model as a significant advancement for earthquake monitoring with promising applications in seismology. Highlights: A SeisViT model using vision transformer network is proposed to discriminate between natural and nonnatural earthquakes. SeisViT model obtains optimal performance through the control variable method to optimize hyperparameters. SeisViT model outperforms the baseline models in terms of discriminating between natural and nonnatural earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10950-025-10294-z
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 585
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Transformer models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Support vector machines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Random forest algorithms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Machine learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Decision trees
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Discrimination of natural and nonnatural earthquakes using a vision transformer.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Song, Jindong
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            NameFull: Luan, Shicheng
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            NameFull: Shen, Jie
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            NameFull: Li, Shanyou
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            NameFull: Zhu, Jingbao
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 29
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