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Insights into eruption dynamics from TROPOMI/PlumeTraj-derived SO2 emissions during the 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa, Hawaiʻi.

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Title: Insights into eruption dynamics from TROPOMI/PlumeTraj-derived SO2 emissions during the 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa, Hawaiʻi.
Authors: Esse, Ben1 (AUTHOR) benjamin.esse@manchester.ac.uk, Burton, Mike1 (AUTHOR), Brenot, Hugues2 (AUTHOR), Theys, Nicolas2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Bulletin of Volcanology. Sep2025, Vol. 87 Issue 9, p1-19. 19p.
Subject Terms: *Sulfur dioxide, *Volcanic eruptions, *Atmospheric transport, *Remote sensing, *Magmas, *Volcanoes, *Emissions (Air pollution), *Ecological impact
Geographic Terms: Mauna Loa (Hawaii Island, Hawaii)
Abstract: Volcanic fissure eruptions can produce voluminous gas emissions, posing a risk to local and distal populations and potentially impacting global climate. Quantifying the emission rate and altitude of injection of these emissions allows forecasting of impacts and provides key insights into the magma dynamics driving eruptions. Daily global observations from satellite instruments such as TROPOMI combined with trajectory modelling with PlumeTraj deliver these emission rate and altitude data. Here, we report satellite-derived SO2 emissions from the 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa, which lasted only 13 days but produced an SO2 plume that circled the globe, displaying a highly variable emission rate and injection altitude. Three key discoveries were made: we detect precursory SO2 emissions up to 3 h before the eruption start; peaks in emission rate are correlated with onset and cessation of activity at different fissures; the SO2 injection altitude was modulated by the available moisture content of the ambient air. We suggest that alignment of the fissure geometry with the wind direction could potentially explain how the initial emissions reached 14 km asl, approaching the tropopause. The total SO2 measured from this eruption is 600 (± 300) kt. These results demonstrate how satellite measurements can provide new insights into eruptive and degassing mechanisms and highlight that better constraints on the SO2 emissions from fissure eruptions globally are needed to understand their impact on climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 188125728
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Insights into eruption dynamics from TROPOMI/PlumeTraj-derived SO<subscript>2</subscript> emissions during the 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa, Hawaiʻi.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Esse%2C+Ben%22">Esse, Ben</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> benjamin.esse@manchester.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burton%2C+Mike%22">Burton, Mike</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brenot%2C+Hugues%22">Brenot, Hugues</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Theys%2C+Nicolas%22">Theys, Nicolas</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Bulletin+of+Volcanology%22">Bulletin of Volcanology</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 87 Issue 9, p1-19. 19p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sulfur+dioxide%22">Sulfur dioxide</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcanic+eruptions%22">Volcanic eruptions</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+transport%22">Atmospheric transport</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Remote+sensing%22">Remote sensing</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magmas%22">Magmas</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcanoes%22">Volcanoes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emissions+%28Air+pollution%29%22">Emissions (Air pollution)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ecological+impact%22">Ecological impact</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mauna+Loa+%28Hawaii+Island%2C+Hawaii%29%22">Mauna Loa (Hawaii Island, Hawaii)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Volcanic fissure eruptions can produce voluminous gas emissions, posing a risk to local and distal populations and potentially impacting global climate. Quantifying the emission rate and altitude of injection of these emissions allows forecasting of impacts and provides key insights into the magma dynamics driving eruptions. Daily global observations from satellite instruments such as TROPOMI combined with trajectory modelling with PlumeTraj deliver these emission rate and altitude data. Here, we report satellite-derived SO2 emissions from the 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa, which lasted only 13 days but produced an SO2 plume that circled the globe, displaying a highly variable emission rate and injection altitude. Three key discoveries were made: we detect precursory SO2 emissions up to 3 h before the eruption start; peaks in emission rate are correlated with onset and cessation of activity at different fissures; the SO2 injection altitude was modulated by the available moisture content of the ambient air. We suggest that alignment of the fissure geometry with the wind direction could potentially explain how the initial emissions reached 14 km asl, approaching the tropopause. The total SO2 measured from this eruption is 600 (± 300) kt. These results demonstrate how satellite measurements can provide new insights into eruptive and degassing mechanisms and highlight that better constraints on the SO2 emissions from fissure eruptions globally are needed to understand their impact on climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=188125728
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s00445-025-01839-8
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Sulfur dioxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Volcanic eruptions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atmospheric transport
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Remote sensing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magmas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Volcanoes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emissions (Air pollution)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ecological impact
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mauna Loa (Hawaii Island, Hawaii)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Insights into eruption dynamics from TROPOMI/PlumeTraj-derived SO2 emissions during the 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa, Hawaiʻi.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Esse, Ben
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            NameFull: Burton, Mike
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            NameFull: Brenot, Hugues
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            NameFull: Theys, Nicolas
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            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 87
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              Value: 9
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Bulletin of Volcanology
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