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Innovative Bio Ball System: Immobilized Rhizopus oligosporus F-05 for Effective Odor and Color Removal in Pharmaceutical Industry Wastewater.

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Title: Innovative Bio Ball System: Immobilized Rhizopus oligosporus F-05 for Effective Odor and Color Removal in Pharmaceutical Industry Wastewater.
Authors: Fibriana, Fidia1 (AUTHOR) fibriana.f@mail.unnes.ac.id, Bahatmaka, Aldias2 (AUTHOR), Imani, Nadya Alfa Cahaya2 (AUTHOR), Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi2 (AUTHOR), Juliadi, Imam Ariff3 (AUTHOR), Pradana, Bhisma Akbar3 (AUTHOR), Wafiroh, Hibatin3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Water, Air & Soil Pollution. Dec2025, Vol. 236 Issue 12, p1-16. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Wastewater treatment, *Deodorization, *Rhizopus, *Green technology, *Color removal (Sewage purification), *Fungi, *Sewage
Abstract: Pharmaceutical industry wastewater can cause odor and color issues due to nitrite, ammonia, and waste from the coloring process. To address these problems, biodeodorization and biodecolorization using microorganisms are proposed. The wastewater's organic content and physicochemical characteristics, including pH, color, odor, COD, BOD, TSS, O&G, ammonia, and coliform, were characterized. The best fungal isolate from five candidates was identified, with Rhizopus oligosporus F-05 was selected and immobilized in bio balls using a direct intake method. This immobilized fungus in a black polypropylene sponge (BS) matrix inside a bio ball was used for biodecolorization and biodeodorization, significantly reducing odor and color levels in equalization tank (ET) and final effluent (FT) by 65%-75% and 28%, respectively. Physicochemical parameters showed positive results, with significant reductions below specified thresholds. Also, the bio balls capacity at the 10 L level matched bench scale characteristics. The biotreatment method using immobilized fungus has excellent potential for optimization and further study, including adjusting operating conditions like wastewater flow rate, inoculum size, bio ball size, and wastewater retention time. Laboratory-scale testing yielded promising results, but the main challenge is ensuring effectiveness at an industrial scale. Overall, this method shows a promising environmentally friendly wastewater treatment technology, where fungal cells immobilized in bio balls could effectively reduce organic and microbiological pollutants, odor, and color in pharmaceutical industry wastewater. Further optimization could possibly enhance efficiency and make it a commercially viable option for large-scale wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 188126466
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Innovative Bio Ball System: Immobilized Rhizopus oligosporus F-05 for Effective Odor and Color Removal in Pharmaceutical Industry Wastewater.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fibriana%2C+Fidia%22">Fibriana, Fidia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> fibriana.f@mail.unnes.ac.id</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bahatmaka%2C+Aldias%22">Bahatmaka, Aldias</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Imani%2C+Nadya+Alfa+Cahaya%22">Imani, Nadya Alfa Cahaya</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kusumaningtyas%2C+Ratna+Dewi%22">Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Juliadi%2C+Imam+Ariff%22">Juliadi, Imam Ariff</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pradana%2C+Bhisma+Akbar%22">Pradana, Bhisma Akbar</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wafiroh%2C+Hibatin%22">Wafiroh, Hibatin</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Water%2C+Air+%26+Soil+Pollution%22">Water, Air & Soil Pollution</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 236 Issue 12, p1-16. 16p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wastewater+treatment%22">Wastewater treatment</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deodorization%22">Deodorization</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rhizopus%22">Rhizopus</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Green+technology%22">Green technology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Color+removal+%28Sewage+purification%29%22">Color removal (Sewage purification)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fungi%22">Fungi</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sewage%22">Sewage</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Pharmaceutical industry wastewater can cause odor and color issues due to nitrite, ammonia, and waste from the coloring process. To address these problems, biodeodorization and biodecolorization using microorganisms are proposed. The wastewater's organic content and physicochemical characteristics, including pH, color, odor, COD, BOD, TSS, O&G, ammonia, and coliform, were characterized. The best fungal isolate from five candidates was identified, with Rhizopus oligosporus F-05 was selected and immobilized in bio balls using a direct intake method. This immobilized fungus in a black polypropylene sponge (BS) matrix inside a bio ball was used for biodecolorization and biodeodorization, significantly reducing odor and color levels in equalization tank (ET) and final effluent (FT) by 65%-75% and 28%, respectively. Physicochemical parameters showed positive results, with significant reductions below specified thresholds. Also, the bio balls capacity at the 10 L level matched bench scale characteristics. The biotreatment method using immobilized fungus has excellent potential for optimization and further study, including adjusting operating conditions like wastewater flow rate, inoculum size, bio ball size, and wastewater retention time. Laboratory-scale testing yielded promising results, but the main challenge is ensuring effectiveness at an industrial scale. Overall, this method shows a promising environmentally friendly wastewater treatment technology, where fungal cells immobilized in bio balls could effectively reduce organic and microbiological pollutants, odor, and color in pharmaceutical industry wastewater. Further optimization could possibly enhance efficiency and make it a commercially viable option for large-scale wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=188126466
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s11270-025-08414-z
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Wastewater treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deodorization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rhizopus
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Green technology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Color removal (Sewage purification)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fungi
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sewage
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Innovative Bio Ball System: Immobilized Rhizopus oligosporus F-05 for Effective Odor and Color Removal in Pharmaceutical Industry Wastewater.
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            NameFull: Fibriana, Fidia
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            NameFull: Bahatmaka, Aldias
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            NameFull: Imani, Nadya Alfa Cahaya
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            NameFull: Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi
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            NameFull: Juliadi, Imam Ariff
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            NameFull: Pradana, Bhisma Akbar
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 236
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              Value: 12
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            – TitleFull: Water, Air & Soil Pollution
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