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Probabilistic seismic demand models developed with two-criteria ground motion scaling for reliable risk assessment.

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Title: Probabilistic seismic demand models developed with two-criteria ground motion scaling for reliable risk assessment.
Authors: Ahmadie Amiri, Hossein1,2 (AUTHOR) H.AhmadieAmiri@gmail.com, Jahangiri, Vahid1 (AUTHOR) v.jahangiri@uma.ac.ir
Source: Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. Oct2025, Vol. 23 Issue 13, p5301-5339. 39p.
Subject Terms: *Normalized measures, *Seismic response, *Tall buildings, *Earthquake hazard analysis, *Earthquake intensity
Geographic Terms: California, Los Angeles (Calif.)
Abstract: The present study aims to identify the optimal criteria for the Normalization Measure (NM) and Intensity Measure (IM) in the two-criteria scaling process of earthquake Ground Motions (GMs) to reduce uncertainty in the development of Probabilistic Seismic Demand Models (PSDMs) for more reliable seismic risk assessment. For this purpose, five 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, and 20-story steel buildings with a seismic force-resisting system consisting of perimeter Special Moment-resisting Frames (SMFs) located in Los Angeles, California, are selected as the case study. Four sets of GMs including 160 real GMs with mid to large magnitudes at near to moderate distances are selected from Baker's GM database. The maximum values of transient and residual inter-story drift ratios and peak floor accelerations are considered as Engineering Demand Parameters (EDPs). A total of 85 potential candidates for selecting suitable NM and IM are investigated, categorized into four groups: (I) acceleration-related, (II) velocity-related, (III) displacement-related, and (IV) hybrid criteria. Accordingly, each set of GMs is normalized and scaled with 85 × 85 different combinations for NM and IM. Then, PSDMs for each investigated building are developed using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) on 2D nonlinear frame models under the scaled GM sets. The developed PSDMs with different NMs are employed for probabilistic seismic risk analysis and the estimation of seismic demand hazard curves. The optimal criteria for developing PSDMs are identified based on efficiency, practicality, proficiency, sufficiency, and reliable seismic risk assessment. The obtained results reveal the high sensitivity of the optimal NM to the building vibration period, the selected set of GMs, and the EDP under study. For instance, while Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) is the optimal NM for estimating the risk of the acceleration response parameter, a unique criterion cannot be proposed for the transient and residual drift response parameters that would perform optimally under most conditions; however, INp is the best NM for most short-period (2-story) SMFs, and Svavg and MVSI are the two superior NMs for most long-period (4- to 20-story) ones. This study provides valuable insights into the impact of the mentioned factors on the selection of the optimal criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 188624265
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Probabilistic seismic demand models developed with two-criteria ground motion scaling for reliable risk assessment.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmadie+Amiri%2C+Hossein%22">Ahmadie Amiri, Hossein</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> H.AhmadieAmiri@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jahangiri%2C+Vahid%22">Jahangiri, Vahid</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> v.jahangiri@uma.ac.ir</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Bulletin+of+Earthquake+Engineering%22">Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 23 Issue 13, p5301-5339. 39p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Normalized+measures%22">Normalized measures</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seismic+response%22">Seismic response</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tall+buildings%22">Tall buildings</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earthquake+hazard+analysis%22">Earthquake hazard analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earthquake+intensity%22">Earthquake intensity</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22California%22">California</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Los+Angeles+%28Calif%2E%29%22">Los Angeles (Calif.)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The present study aims to identify the optimal criteria for the Normalization Measure (NM) and Intensity Measure (IM) in the two-criteria scaling process of earthquake Ground Motions (GMs) to reduce uncertainty in the development of Probabilistic Seismic Demand Models (PSDMs) for more reliable seismic risk assessment. For this purpose, five 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, and 20-story steel buildings with a seismic force-resisting system consisting of perimeter Special Moment-resisting Frames (SMFs) located in Los Angeles, California, are selected as the case study. Four sets of GMs including 160 real GMs with mid to large magnitudes at near to moderate distances are selected from Baker's GM database. The maximum values of transient and residual inter-story drift ratios and peak floor accelerations are considered as Engineering Demand Parameters (EDPs). A total of 85 potential candidates for selecting suitable NM and IM are investigated, categorized into four groups: (I) acceleration-related, (II) velocity-related, (III) displacement-related, and (IV) hybrid criteria. Accordingly, each set of GMs is normalized and scaled with 85 × 85 different combinations for NM and IM. Then, PSDMs for each investigated building are developed using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) on 2D nonlinear frame models under the scaled GM sets. The developed PSDMs with different NMs are employed for probabilistic seismic risk analysis and the estimation of seismic demand hazard curves. The optimal criteria for developing PSDMs are identified based on efficiency, practicality, proficiency, sufficiency, and reliable seismic risk assessment. The obtained results reveal the high sensitivity of the optimal NM to the building vibration period, the selected set of GMs, and the EDP under study. For instance, while Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) is the optimal NM for estimating the risk of the acceleration response parameter, a unique criterion cannot be proposed for the transient and residual drift response parameters that would perform optimally under most conditions; however, INp is the best NM for most short-period (2-story) SMFs, and Svavg and MVSI are the two superior NMs for most long-period (4- to 20-story) ones. This study provides valuable insights into the impact of the mentioned factors on the selection of the optimal criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10518-025-02261-3
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 39
        StartPage: 5301
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Normalized measures
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Seismic response
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tall buildings
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Earthquake hazard analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Earthquake intensity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: California
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Los Angeles (Calif.)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Probabilistic seismic demand models developed with two-criteria ground motion scaling for reliable risk assessment.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Ahmadie Amiri, Hossein
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            NameFull: Jahangiri, Vahid
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 23
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              Value: 13
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            – TitleFull: Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
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