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Mapping tree canopy thermal refugia for birds using biophysical models and LiDAR.

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Title: Mapping tree canopy thermal refugia for birds using biophysical models and LiDAR.
Authors: Strydom, Lara H.1,2 (AUTHOR), Conradie, Shannon R.1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Smit, Izak P. J.1,4 (AUTHOR), Greve, Michelle5 (AUTHOR), Boucher, Peter B.6 (AUTHOR), Davies, Andrew B.6 (AUTHOR), McKechnie, Andrew E.1,2 (AUTHOR) andrew.mckechnie@up.ac.za
Source: International Journal of Biometeorology. Oct2025, Vol. 69 Issue 10, p2461-2474. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Climate change, *LIDAR, *Ecological niche, *Savanna ecology, *Climatology, *Physiological models, *Bird ecology, *Forest canopies
Abstract: Accurately predicting exposure of animals to climate change requires evaluating the effects of warming on the microclimates they occupy. Birds, like many other taxa, make extensive use of cool microsites in vegetation during hot weather. Taking advantage of recent advances in modelling tree canopy microclimates, we combined LiDAR-based individual tree canopy mapping and biophysical modelling to evaluate the current and future availability of cool microsites in a subtropical African savanna landscape. We constructed biophysical models for two common bird species, an ~ 40-g bulbul and an ~ 200-g hornbill, and modelled exposure to conditions under which the body temperature (Tb) of individuals resting in canopies exceeds 42 °C, equivalent to ~ 2 °C above resting thermoneutral Tb. At present, 34.5% of trees taller than 2 m in our 139-ha study site provide microclimates in which resting Tb remained below 42 °C for both species during our study period. Under a Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 climate change scenario and assuming no change in vegetation structure, by the end of the Century the availability of microsites characterized by Tb < 42 °C will decrease to just 0.4% and 3.8% for bulbuls and hornbills, respectively. The proportion of trees in whose canopies bulbuls' and hornbills' exposure to Tb > 42 °C is limited to < 10 d summer− 1 will decrease from 98 to 99% currently to 3.0% and 24.3% by end-century, respectively. These findings reveal the magnitude of changes for birds in a savanna thermal landscape under a business-as-usual emissions scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Mapping tree canopy thermal refugia for birds using biophysical models and LiDAR.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Strydom%2C+Lara+H%2E%22&quot;&gt;Strydom, Lara H.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Conradie%2C+Shannon+R%2E%22&quot;&gt;Conradie, Shannon R.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2,3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Smit%2C+Izak+P%2E+J%2E%22&quot;&gt;Smit, Izak P. J.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,4&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Greve%2C+Michelle%22&quot;&gt;Greve, Michelle&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;5&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Boucher%2C+Peter+B%2E%22&quot;&gt;Boucher, Peter B.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;6&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Davies%2C+Andrew+B%2E%22&quot;&gt;Davies, Andrew B.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;6&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22McKechnie%2C+Andrew+E%2E%22&quot;&gt;McKechnie, Andrew E.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; andrew.mckechnie@up.ac.za&lt;/i&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22International+Journal+of+Biometeorology%22&quot;&gt;International Journal of Biometeorology&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Oct2025, Vol. 69 Issue 10, p2461-2474. 14p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
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  Data: *&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Climate+change%22&quot;&gt;Climate change&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22LIDAR%22&quot;&gt;LIDAR&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Ecological+niche%22&quot;&gt;Ecological niche&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Savanna+ecology%22&quot;&gt;Savanna ecology&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Climatology%22&quot;&gt;Climatology&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Physiological+models%22&quot;&gt;Physiological models&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Bird+ecology%22&quot;&gt;Bird ecology&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Forest+canopies%22&quot;&gt;Forest canopies&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Accurately predicting exposure of animals to climate change requires evaluating the effects of warming on the microclimates they occupy. Birds, like many other taxa, make extensive use of cool microsites in vegetation during hot weather. Taking advantage of recent advances in modelling tree canopy microclimates, we combined LiDAR-based individual tree canopy mapping and biophysical modelling to evaluate the current and future availability of cool microsites in a subtropical African savanna landscape. We constructed biophysical models for two common bird species, an ~ 40-g bulbul and an ~ 200-g hornbill, and modelled exposure to conditions under which the body temperature (Tb) of individuals resting in canopies exceeds 42 &#176;C, equivalent to ~ 2 &#176;C above resting thermoneutral Tb. At present, 34.5% of trees taller than 2 m in our 139-ha study site provide microclimates in which resting Tb remained below 42 &#176;C for both species during our study period. Under a Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 climate change scenario and assuming no change in vegetation structure, by the end of the Century the availability of microsites characterized by Tb &lt; 42 &#176;C will decrease to just 0.4% and 3.8% for bulbuls and hornbills, respectively. The proportion of trees in whose canopies bulbuls&#39; and hornbills&#39; exposure to Tb &gt; 42 &#176;C is limited to &lt; 10 d summer− 1 will decrease from 98 to 99% currently to 3.0% and 24.3% by end-century, respectively. These findings reveal the magnitude of changes for birds in a savanna thermal landscape under a business-as-usual emissions scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s00484-024-02833-z
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 2461
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Climate change
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: LIDAR
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ecological niche
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Savanna ecology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Climatology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physiological models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bird ecology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Forest canopies
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Mapping tree canopy thermal refugia for birds using biophysical models and LiDAR.
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            NameFull: Strydom, Lara H.
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            NameFull: Conradie, Shannon R.
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            NameFull: Smit, Izak P. J.
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            NameFull: Greve, Michelle
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            NameFull: Boucher, Peter B.
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            NameFull: Davies, Andrew B.
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              M: 10
              Text: Oct2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 00207128
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              Value: 69
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              Value: 10
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Biometeorology
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