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Non-farm employment, natural resource extraction, and poverty: evidence from household data for rural Vietnam.

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Title: Non-farm employment, natural resource extraction, and poverty: evidence from household data for rural Vietnam.
Authors: Do, Manh Hung1 (AUTHOR) hung@iuw.uni-hannover.de, Nguyen, Trung Thanh1 (AUTHOR), Halkos, George2 (AUTHOR), Grote, Ulrike1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Environment, Development & Sustainability. Dec2025, Vol. 27 Issue 12, p28631-28668. 38p.
Subject Terms: *Poverty, *Resource exploitation, *Economic infrastructure investing, *Supplementary employment, *Standard of living, *Rural families, *Economic expansion
Geographic Terms: Vietnam
Abstract: Natural resources are important in sustaining the livelihoods of rural households and the environment. However, over-exploitation is causing an alarming depletion of natural resources in many developing countries. At the same time, rapid economic growth has created non-farm employment opportunities for local people. In this context, examining the interrelationship between non-farm employment and natural resource extraction provides useful information for reducing resource extraction and improving rural households' welfare. In this study, we use a dataset of 1780 identical households from three survey waves undertaken in 2010, 2013, and 2016 in Vietnam to (i) identify the determinants of rural households' participation in non-farm activities, (ii) examine the interrelationship between non-farm employment and natural resource extraction, and (iii) investigate the impact of non-farm employment on rural households' welfare. The findings from pooled sample estimations reveal that (i) cable internet at home and rural road quality positively affect households' decisions to participate in non-farm employment; (ii) non-farm income and income from natural resource extraction have a negative association; and (iii) non-farm income significantly contributes to poverty reduction in both relative and absolute terms. Our findings suggest that improved provision of non-farm opportunities and increased investment in infrastructure and telecommunication are needed to improve rural households' welfare and consequently reduce their natural resource exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Non-farm employment, natural resource extraction, and poverty: evidence from household data for rural Vietnam.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Do%2C+Manh+Hung%22">Do, Manh Hung</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hung@iuw.uni-hannover.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nguyen%2C+Trung+Thanh%22">Nguyen, Trung Thanh</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Halkos%2C+George%22">Halkos, George</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grote%2C+Ulrike%22">Grote, Ulrike</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environment%2C+Development+%26+Sustainability%22">Environment, Development & Sustainability</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 27 Issue 12, p28631-28668. 38p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Poverty%22">Poverty</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Resource+exploitation%22">Resource exploitation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Economic+infrastructure+investing%22">Economic infrastructure investing</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Supplementary+employment%22">Supplementary employment</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Standard+of+living%22">Standard of living</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rural+families%22">Rural families</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Economic+expansion%22">Economic expansion</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vietnam%22">Vietnam</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Natural resources are important in sustaining the livelihoods of rural households and the environment. However, over-exploitation is causing an alarming depletion of natural resources in many developing countries. At the same time, rapid economic growth has created non-farm employment opportunities for local people. In this context, examining the interrelationship between non-farm employment and natural resource extraction provides useful information for reducing resource extraction and improving rural households' welfare. In this study, we use a dataset of 1780 identical households from three survey waves undertaken in 2010, 2013, and 2016 in Vietnam to (i) identify the determinants of rural households' participation in non-farm activities, (ii) examine the interrelationship between non-farm employment and natural resource extraction, and (iii) investigate the impact of non-farm employment on rural households' welfare. The findings from pooled sample estimations reveal that (i) cable internet at home and rural road quality positively affect households' decisions to participate in non-farm employment; (ii) non-farm income and income from natural resource extraction have a negative association; and (iii) non-farm income significantly contributes to poverty reduction in both relative and absolute terms. Our findings suggest that improved provision of non-farm opportunities and increased investment in infrastructure and telecommunication are needed to improve rural households' welfare and consequently reduce their natural resource exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10668-022-02391-7
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 38
        StartPage: 28631
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Poverty
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Resource exploitation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Economic infrastructure investing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Supplementary employment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Standard of living
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rural families
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Economic expansion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vietnam
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Non-farm employment, natural resource extraction, and poverty: evidence from household data for rural Vietnam.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Do, Manh Hung
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            NameFull: Nguyen, Trung Thanh
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            NameFull: Halkos, George
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            NameFull: Grote, Ulrike
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 27
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              Value: 12
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            – TitleFull: Environment, Development & Sustainability
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