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Impact of incorporating spent oil filtering earths into the formulation of alkali-activated cements based on electric arc furnace slag.

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Title: Impact of incorporating spent oil filtering earths into the formulation of alkali-activated cements based on electric arc furnace slag.
Authors: Delgado-Plana, Pedro1,2 (AUTHOR), Gómez-Casero, Miguel Ángel1,2 (AUTHOR), Bueno-Rodríguez, Salvador1,2 (AUTHOR), Sánchez-Soto, Pedro José3 (AUTHOR), Eliche-Quesada, Dolores1,2 (AUTHOR) deliche@ujaen.es
Source: Environmental Science & Pollution Research. Oct2025, Vol. 32 Issue 48, p28033-28053. 21p.
Subject Terms: *Slag cement, *Alkalinization, *Industrial wastes, *Recyclable material, *Hydration, *Mechanical behavior of materials
Abstract: In this study an investigation of the effect of incorporating spent oil filtering earths (SOFE) as a precursor in the manufacture of alkaline activation cements based on electric arc furnace slags (EAFS) has been carried out. SOFE were mixed up to 50 wt% with EAFS at 10 wt% intervals. As a control, a binder containing only EAFS was manufactured. The fresh binder samples were cured at room temperature for 7 and 28 days. Phase analysis was conducted using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). The results indicated that the addition of SOFE caused a delay in the geopolymerization or alkaline activation reactions, which resulted in a decrease in mechanical properties at low hydration times, 7 days. However, substitution of SOFE led to an improvement in physical, mechanical, and thermal properties after 28 days of curing. Ideal substitution ratios were 30 wt% or higher. At optimum substitution ratios, the bulk density of alkaline-activated cements decreased, water absorption and total porosity increased, but conversely, flexural and compressive strengths raised from 8.3 MPa and 19.3 MPa, respectively, for control cements to 11.3–11.8 MPa and 24.5–25.7 MPa for cements that incorporated 30–50 wt% SOFE. The increase in mechanical properties could be attributed to the synergistic formation of a hybrid N,C-A-S–H gel, resulting from the higher formation of N-A-S–H geopolymeric gel in comparison to C-A-S–H gel, owing to the higher amount of silica in the SOFE residue. The insulating capability of the cements improved as increasing amounts of SOFE residue were incorporated, with values ranging from 0.68 W/mK for the control binders to 0.34–0.15 W/mK for the cements that included 30–50% by weight of SOFE. The results of this study may help to promote the application of SOFE in the production of more environmentally friendly EAFS-based alkaline activation cements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
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An: 189934965
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Impact of incorporating spent oil filtering earths into the formulation of alkali-activated cements based on electric arc furnace slag.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Delgado-Plana%2C+Pedro%22">Delgado-Plana, Pedro</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gómez-Casero%2C+Miguel+Ángel%22">Gómez-Casero, Miguel Ángel</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bueno-Rodríguez%2C+Salvador%22">Bueno-Rodríguez, Salvador</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sánchez-Soto%2C+Pedro+José%22">Sánchez-Soto, Pedro José</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eliche-Quesada%2C+Dolores%22">Eliche-Quesada, Dolores</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> deliche@ujaen.es</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Science+%26+Pollution+Research%22">Environmental Science & Pollution Research</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 32 Issue 48, p28033-28053. 21p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Slag+cement%22">Slag cement</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alkalinization%22">Alkalinization</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+wastes%22">Industrial wastes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Recyclable+material%22">Recyclable material</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydration%22">Hydration</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In this study an investigation of the effect of incorporating spent oil filtering earths (SOFE) as a precursor in the manufacture of alkaline activation cements based on electric arc furnace slags (EAFS) has been carried out. SOFE were mixed up to 50 wt% with EAFS at 10 wt% intervals. As a control, a binder containing only EAFS was manufactured. The fresh binder samples were cured at room temperature for 7 and 28 days. Phase analysis was conducted using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). The results indicated that the addition of SOFE caused a delay in the geopolymerization or alkaline activation reactions, which resulted in a decrease in mechanical properties at low hydration times, 7 days. However, substitution of SOFE led to an improvement in physical, mechanical, and thermal properties after 28 days of curing. Ideal substitution ratios were 30 wt% or higher. At optimum substitution ratios, the bulk density of alkaline-activated cements decreased, water absorption and total porosity increased, but conversely, flexural and compressive strengths raised from 8.3 MPa and 19.3 MPa, respectively, for control cements to 11.3–11.8 MPa and 24.5–25.7 MPa for cements that incorporated 30–50 wt% SOFE. The increase in mechanical properties could be attributed to the synergistic formation of a hybrid N,C-A-S–H gel, resulting from the higher formation of N-A-S–H geopolymeric gel in comparison to C-A-S–H gel, owing to the higher amount of silica in the SOFE residue. The insulating capability of the cements improved as increasing amounts of SOFE residue were incorporated, with values ranging from 0.68 W/mK for the control binders to 0.34–0.15 W/mK for the cements that included 30–50% by weight of SOFE. The results of this study may help to promote the application of SOFE in the production of more environmentally friendly EAFS-based alkaline activation cements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s11356-025-36429-w
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 21
        StartPage: 28033
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Slag cement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Alkalinization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Industrial wastes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Recyclable material
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      – SubjectFull: Hydration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Impact of incorporating spent oil filtering earths into the formulation of alkali-activated cements based on electric arc furnace slag.
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            NameFull: Delgado-Plana, Pedro
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            NameFull: Gómez-Casero, Miguel Ángel
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            NameFull: Bueno-Rodríguez, Salvador
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            NameFull: Sánchez-Soto, Pedro José
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            NameFull: Eliche-Quesada, Dolores
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            – D: 11
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 32
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              Value: 48
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            – TitleFull: Environmental Science & Pollution Research
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