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Pyraclostrobin and polyethylene nanoplastics jointly interfere with the antibiotic resistome in earthworm gut.

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Title: Pyraclostrobin and polyethylene nanoplastics jointly interfere with the antibiotic resistome in earthworm gut.
Authors: Yang, Jing1 (AUTHOR), Zheng, Conglai2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Enyu2 (AUTHOR), Smagghe, Guy1 (AUTHOR), Gui, Shunhua1 (AUTHOR), Wu, Xiaomao1 (AUTHOR) xmwu@gzu.edu.cn, Chen, Xiangsheng1 (AUTHOR) xschen@gzu.edu.cn
Source: Biology & Fertility of Soils. Feb2026, Vol. 62 Issue 2, p187-202. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Drug resistance in bacteria, *Earthworms, *Drug resistance in microorganisms, *Microplastics, *Soil pollution, *Pesticides, *Microbial diversity
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a global threat to public health. However, the current information is insufficient to understand how other pollutants, such as fungicides and nanoplastics, affect the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among bacteria in the soil. Here, our findings revealed that polyethylene nanoplastics (PENPs) prolonged the persistence of pyraclostrobin (PYR) in the soil by 13 days, increased PYR bioaccumulation in earthworm (Eisenia fetida) by 8.4%, and reduced its weights by 26.8%. PYR alone or combined with PENPs significantly increased the microbiome diversities of earthworm guts, while PENPs alone decreased those but increased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Firmicute. PYR and/or PENPs enhanced the diversity and abundance of ARGs in earthworm guts, the range of ARG hosts, and the complexity of ARGs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria coexistence network. The abundance of plasmid-origin ARG-harboring contigs in PYR, PENP, and PYR + PENP treatments was 1.5-, 3.8-, and 2.4-fold higher than that in the control, respectively. Overall, PYR and/or PENPs specifically disturbed the antibiotic resistome in earthworm guts by altering the bacterial community composition and richness, increasing the abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and ARGs, and modifying the co-occurrence pattern of ARGs-MGEs, particularly plasmids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Pyraclostrobin and polyethylene nanoplastics jointly interfere with the antibiotic resistome in earthworm gut.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Jing%22">Yang, Jing</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zheng%2C+Conglai%22">Zheng, Conglai</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Enyu%22">Zhang, Enyu</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smagghe%2C+Guy%22">Smagghe, Guy</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gui%2C+Shunhua%22">Gui, Shunhua</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Xiaomao%22">Wu, Xiaomao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xmwu@gzu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Xiangsheng%22">Chen, Xiangsheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xschen@gzu.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Biology+%26+Fertility+of+Soils%22">Biology & Fertility of Soils</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 62 Issue 2, p187-202. 16p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+resistance+in+bacteria%22">Drug resistance in bacteria</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earthworms%22">Earthworms</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+resistance+in+microorganisms%22">Drug resistance in microorganisms</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microplastics%22">Microplastics</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+pollution%22">Soil pollution</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pesticides%22">Pesticides</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microbial+diversity%22">Microbial diversity</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a global threat to public health. However, the current information is insufficient to understand how other pollutants, such as fungicides and nanoplastics, affect the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among bacteria in the soil. Here, our findings revealed that polyethylene nanoplastics (PENPs) prolonged the persistence of pyraclostrobin (PYR) in the soil by 13 days, increased PYR bioaccumulation in earthworm (Eisenia fetida) by 8.4%, and reduced its weights by 26.8%. PYR alone or combined with PENPs significantly increased the microbiome diversities of earthworm guts, while PENPs alone decreased those but increased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Firmicute. PYR and/or PENPs enhanced the diversity and abundance of ARGs in earthworm guts, the range of ARG hosts, and the complexity of ARGs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria coexistence network. The abundance of plasmid-origin ARG-harboring contigs in PYR, PENP, and PYR + PENP treatments was 1.5-, 3.8-, and 2.4-fold higher than that in the control, respectively. Overall, PYR and/or PENPs specifically disturbed the antibiotic resistome in earthworm guts by altering the bacterial community composition and richness, increasing the abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and ARGs, and modifying the co-occurrence pattern of ARGs-MGEs, particularly plasmids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s00374-025-01916-2
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 187
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Drug resistance in bacteria
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Earthworms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug resistance in microorganisms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microplastics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pesticides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microbial diversity
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Pyraclostrobin and polyethylene nanoplastics jointly interfere with the antibiotic resistome in earthworm gut.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Yang, Jing
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            NameFull: Zheng, Conglai
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            NameFull: Zhang, Enyu
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            NameFull: Smagghe, Guy
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            NameFull: Gui, Shunhua
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            NameFull: Wu, Xiaomao
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            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 01782762
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              Value: 62
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              Value: 2
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Biology & Fertility of Soils
              Type: main
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