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Reactive Energy Management in Multimodal Mass Transportation Networks: Metro de Medellín Case Study.

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Title: Reactive Energy Management in Multimodal Mass Transportation Networks: Metro de Medellín Case Study.
Authors: Díez-Restrepo, Andrés Emiro1 (AUTHOR) andres.diez@upb.edu.co, Fernandez-Corrales, Jhon Fredy2 (AUTHOR), Restrepo, Mauricio3 (AUTHOR), Manrique, Edison2 (AUTHOR), Porras-Naranjo, Tomás1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p578. 27p.
Subject Terms: *Reactive power control, *Power supply quality, *Urban transit systems, *Harmonic distortion (Physics), *Public transit
Abstract: Multimodal electric transport systems demand substantial active and reactive energy, making power-quality management essential for ensuring efficient and reliable operation. This paper analyses reactive-energy transport in mass-transit networks and introduces a unified current-based framework that enables a consistent interpretation of the conventional power factor under harmonic distortion, fundamental unbalance, and short-term load fluctuation, without modifying its original definition. The framework enables a consistent assessment of compensation needs, independent of billing schemes, and is aligned with the way modern compensation equipment is specified and controlled. Applied to the Metro de Medellín system, field measurements and digital simulations show that traditional reactive-energy limits fail to distinguish between harmful and beneficial operating conditions, leading to disproportionate charges under the former Colombian regulation. Beyond this case, the proposed framework is directly applicable to other electric-mobility systems—including railways, trams, trolleybuses, and electric-bus networks—providing clearer technical signals for compensation planning and offering a comprehensive basis for future regulatory approaches that integrate multiple power-quality phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 191587057
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Reactive Energy Management in Multimodal Mass Transportation Networks: Metro de Medellín Case Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Díez-Restrepo%2C+Andrés+Emiro%22">Díez-Restrepo, Andrés Emiro</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> andres.diez@upb.edu.co</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fernandez-Corrales%2C+Jhon+Fredy%22">Fernandez-Corrales, Jhon Fredy</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Restrepo%2C+Mauricio%22">Restrepo, Mauricio</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Manrique%2C+Edison%22">Manrique, Edison</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Porras-Naranjo%2C+Tomás%22">Porras-Naranjo, Tomás</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p578. 27p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reactive+power+control%22">Reactive power control</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Power+supply+quality%22">Power supply quality</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Urban+transit+systems%22">Urban transit systems</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Harmonic+distortion+%28Physics%29%22">Harmonic distortion (Physics)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+transit%22">Public transit</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Multimodal electric transport systems demand substantial active and reactive energy, making power-quality management essential for ensuring efficient and reliable operation. This paper analyses reactive-energy transport in mass-transit networks and introduces a unified current-based framework that enables a consistent interpretation of the conventional power factor under harmonic distortion, fundamental unbalance, and short-term load fluctuation, without modifying its original definition. The framework enables a consistent assessment of compensation needs, independent of billing schemes, and is aligned with the way modern compensation equipment is specified and controlled. Applied to the Metro de Medellín system, field measurements and digital simulations show that traditional reactive-energy limits fail to distinguish between harmful and beneficial operating conditions, leading to disproportionate charges under the former Colombian regulation. Beyond this case, the proposed framework is directly applicable to other electric-mobility systems—including railways, trams, trolleybuses, and electric-bus networks—providing clearer technical signals for compensation planning and offering a comprehensive basis for future regulatory approaches that integrate multiple power-quality phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19030578
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 27
        StartPage: 578
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      – SubjectFull: Reactive power control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Power supply quality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Urban transit systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Harmonic distortion (Physics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Public transit
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Reactive Energy Management in Multimodal Mass Transportation Networks: Metro de Medellín Case Study.
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            NameFull: Díez-Restrepo, Andrés Emiro
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            NameFull: Fernandez-Corrales, Jhon Fredy
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            NameFull: Restrepo, Mauricio
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            NameFull: Manrique, Edison
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            NameFull: Porras-Naranjo, Tomás
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            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19961073
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 3
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