Review of Energy Technologies for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles.

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Title: Review of Energy Technologies for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles.
Authors: Lin, Zhihao1,2 (AUTHOR), Qin, Denghui1,2 (AUTHOR), Huang, Qiaogao1,2 (AUTHOR), Dong, Hongsheng1,2 (AUTHOR), Pan, Guang1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p592. 19p.
Subject Terms: *Energy density, *Hydrostatic pressure, *Remote submersibles, *Energy storage, *Underwater exploration, *Deep-sea exploration
Abstract: As critical platforms for long-endurance ocean exploration, unmanned underwater vehicles (AUVs) play an increasingly vital role in marine surveying and resident observation. However, in extreme deep-sea environments, their energy systems face severe constraints imposed by hydrostatic pressure and thermodynamic conflicts within confined spaces. Therefore, developing energy technologies with high energy density, intrinsic safety, and high-pressure adaptability is of paramount importance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the multi-physics coupling issues in deep-sea energy systems and the research progress of current mainstream deep-sea energy technologies. Based on energy sources and conversion principles, existing technological paths are categorized into four classes, with a detailed assessment of their performance and bottlenecks in deep-sea environments. Finally, the paper outlines key future development directions for deep-sea energy systems to provide reference for subsequent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 191587071
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Review of Energy Technologies for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Zhihao%22">Lin, Zhihao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qin%2C+Denghui%22">Qin, Denghui</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Qiaogao%22">Huang, Qiaogao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dong%2C+Hongsheng%22">Dong, Hongsheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pan%2C+Guang%22">Pan, Guang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p592. 19p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+density%22">Energy density</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrostatic+pressure%22">Hydrostatic pressure</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Remote+submersibles%22">Remote submersibles</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+storage%22">Energy storage</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Underwater+exploration%22">Underwater exploration</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deep-sea+exploration%22">Deep-sea exploration</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: As critical platforms for long-endurance ocean exploration, unmanned underwater vehicles (AUVs) play an increasingly vital role in marine surveying and resident observation. However, in extreme deep-sea environments, their energy systems face severe constraints imposed by hydrostatic pressure and thermodynamic conflicts within confined spaces. Therefore, developing energy technologies with high energy density, intrinsic safety, and high-pressure adaptability is of paramount importance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the multi-physics coupling issues in deep-sea energy systems and the research progress of current mainstream deep-sea energy technologies. Based on energy sources and conversion principles, existing technological paths are categorized into four classes, with a detailed assessment of their performance and bottlenecks in deep-sea environments. Finally, the paper outlines key future development directions for deep-sea energy systems to provide reference for subsequent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19030592
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 592
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Energy density
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrostatic pressure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Remote submersibles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy storage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Underwater exploration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deep-sea exploration
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Review of Energy Technologies for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Lin, Zhihao
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            NameFull: Qin, Denghui
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            NameFull: Huang, Qiaogao
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            NameFull: Dong, Hongsheng
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Pan, Guang
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 19961073
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 3
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            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
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