PSCAD-Based Analysis of Short-Circuit Faults and Protection Characteristics in a Real BESS–PV Microgrid.
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| Title: | PSCAD-Based Analysis of Short-Circuit Faults and Protection Characteristics in a Real BESS–PV Microgrid. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Kim, Byeong-Gug1 (AUTHOR), Moon, Chae-Joo1,2 (AUTHOR) a01077386349@gmail.com, Choi, Sung-Hyun1,2 (AUTHOR), Choi, Yong-Sung2 (AUTHOR), Lee, Kyung-Min2 (AUTHOR) kmlee@dsu.ac.kr |
| Source: | Energies (19961073). Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p598. 16p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Fault currents, *Power system simulation, *Fault diagnosis, *Electric inverters, *Battery storage plants, *Photovoltaic power systems |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a PSCAD-based analysis of short-circuit faults and protection characteristics in a real distribution-level microgrid that integrates a 1 MWh battery energy storage system (BESS) with a 500 kW power conversion system (PCS) and a 500 kW photovoltaic (PV) plant connected to a 22.9 kV feeder. While previous studies often rely on simplified inverter models, this paper addresses the critical gap by integrating actual manufacturer-defined control parameters and cable impedances. This allows for a precise analysis of sub-millisecond transient behaviors, which is essential for developing robust protection schemes in inverter-dominated microgrids. The PSCAD model is first verified under grid-connected steady-state operation by examining PV output, BESS power, and grid voltage at the point of common coupling. Based on the validated model, DC pole-to-pole faults at the PV and ESS DC links and a three-phase short-circuit fault at the low-voltage bus are simulated to characterize the fault current behavior of the grid, BESS and PV converters. The DC fault studies confirm that current peaks are dominated by DC-link capacitor discharge and are strongly limited by converter controls, while the AC three-phase fault is mainly supplied by the upstream grid. As an initial application of the model, an instantaneous current change rate (ICCR) algorithm is implemented as a dedicated DC-side protection function. For a pole-to-pole fault, the ICCR index exceeds the 100 A/ms threshold and issues a trip command within 0.342 ms, demonstrating the feasibility of sub-millisecond DC fault detection in converter-dominated systems. Beyond this example, the validated PSCAD model and associated data set provide a practical platform for future research on advanced DC/AC protection techniques and protection coordination schemes in real BESS–PV microgrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Database: | Energy & Power Source |
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| Header | DbId: enr DbLabel: Energy & Power Source An: 191587077 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: PSCAD-Based Analysis of Short-Circuit Faults and Protection Characteristics in a Real BESS–PV Microgrid. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Byeong-Gug%22">Kim, Byeong-Gug</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Moon%2C+Chae-Joo%22">Moon, Chae-Joo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> a01077386349@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Choi%2C+Sung-Hyun%22">Choi, Sung-Hyun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Choi%2C+Yong-Sung%22">Choi, Yong-Sung</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee%2C+Kyung-Min%22">Lee, Kyung-Min</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> kmlee@dsu.ac.kr</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p598. 16p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fault+currents%22">Fault currents</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Power+system+simulation%22">Power system simulation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fault+diagnosis%22">Fault diagnosis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+inverters%22">Electric inverters</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Battery+storage+plants%22">Battery storage plants</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photovoltaic+power+systems%22">Photovoltaic power systems</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This paper presents a PSCAD-based analysis of short-circuit faults and protection characteristics in a real distribution-level microgrid that integrates a 1 MWh battery energy storage system (BESS) with a 500 kW power conversion system (PCS) and a 500 kW photovoltaic (PV) plant connected to a 22.9 kV feeder. While previous studies often rely on simplified inverter models, this paper addresses the critical gap by integrating actual manufacturer-defined control parameters and cable impedances. This allows for a precise analysis of sub-millisecond transient behaviors, which is essential for developing robust protection schemes in inverter-dominated microgrids. The PSCAD model is first verified under grid-connected steady-state operation by examining PV output, BESS power, and grid voltage at the point of common coupling. Based on the validated model, DC pole-to-pole faults at the PV and ESS DC links and a three-phase short-circuit fault at the low-voltage bus are simulated to characterize the fault current behavior of the grid, BESS and PV converters. The DC fault studies confirm that current peaks are dominated by DC-link capacitor discharge and are strongly limited by converter controls, while the AC three-phase fault is mainly supplied by the upstream grid. As an initial application of the model, an instantaneous current change rate (ICCR) algorithm is implemented as a dedicated DC-side protection function. For a pole-to-pole fault, the ICCR index exceeds the 100 A/ms threshold and issues a trip command within 0.342 ms, demonstrating the feasibility of sub-millisecond DC fault detection in converter-dominated systems. Beyond this example, the validated PSCAD model and associated data set provide a practical platform for future research on advanced DC/AC protection techniques and protection coordination schemes in real BESS–PV microgrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/en19030598 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 16 StartPage: 598 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Fault currents Type: general – SubjectFull: Power system simulation Type: general – SubjectFull: Fault diagnosis Type: general – SubjectFull: Electric inverters Type: general – SubjectFull: Battery storage plants Type: general – SubjectFull: Photovoltaic power systems Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: PSCAD-Based Analysis of Short-Circuit Faults and Protection Characteristics in a Real BESS–PV Microgrid. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kim, Byeong-Gug – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Moon, Chae-Joo – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Choi, Sung-Hyun – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Choi, Yong-Sung – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lee, Kyung-Min IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 02 Text: Feb2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19961073 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 19 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Energies (19961073) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
