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Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) for Low-Carbon Waste-to-Energy: Advances in Preparation Technologies, Thermochemical Behavior, and High-Efficiency Combustion Systems.

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Title: Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) for Low-Carbon Waste-to-Energy: Advances in Preparation Technologies, Thermochemical Behavior, and High-Efficiency Combustion Systems.
Authors: Jiao, Hao1 (AUTHOR), Li, Jingzhe2 (AUTHOR), Cao, Xijin1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Zhiliang1,2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Yingxu1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Di1 (AUTHOR), Li, Ka1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Wei2 (AUTHOR), Gong, Lin2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p751. 26p.
Subject Terms: *Waste products as fuel, *Combustion engineering, *Pyrolysis, *Co-combustion, *Emission control, *Circular economy, *Chemical processes, *Refuse as fuel
Abstract: Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) presents a viable strategy to concurrently address the challenges of municipal solid waste management and the need for alternative energy. In this context, the present review systematically synthesizes recent advances in RDF preparation, combustion behavior, and efficient utilization technologies. The study examines the full chain of RDF production—including waste selection, mechanical/optical/magnetic sorting, granulation, briquetting, and chemical modification—highlighting how pretreatment technologies influence fuel homogeneity, calorific value, and emissions. The thermochemical conversion characteristics of RDF are systematically analyzed, covering the mechanism differences among slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, flash pyrolysis, pyrolysis mechanisms, catalytic pyrolysis, fragmentation behavior, volatile release patterns, and kinetic modeling using Arrhenius and model-free isoconversional methods (e.g., FWO). Special attention is given to co-firing and high-efficiency combustion technologies, including ultra-supercritical boilers, circulating fluidized beds, and rotary kilns, where fuel quality, ash fusion behavior, slagging, bed agglomeration, and particulate emissions determine operational compatibility. Integrating recent findings, this review identifies the key technical bottlenecks—feedstock variability, chlorine/sulfur release, heavy-metal contaminants, ash-related issues, and the need for standardized RDF quality control. Emerging solutions such as AI-assisted sorting, catalytic upgrading, optimized co-firing strategies, and advanced thermal conversion systems (oxy-fuel, chemical looping, supercritical steam cycles) are discussed within the broader context of carbon reduction and circular economy transitions. Overall, RDF represents a scalable, flexible, and high-value waste-to-energy pathway, and the review provides insights into future research directions, system optimization, and policy frameworks required to support its industrial deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 191587230
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) for Low-Carbon Waste-to-Energy: Advances in Preparation Technologies, Thermochemical Behavior, and High-Efficiency Combustion Systems.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p751. 26p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Waste+products+as+fuel%22">Waste products as fuel</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Combustion+engineering%22">Combustion engineering</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pyrolysis%22">Pyrolysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Co-combustion%22">Co-combustion</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emission+control%22">Emission control</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Circular+economy%22">Circular economy</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+processes%22">Chemical processes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Refuse+as+fuel%22">Refuse as fuel</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) presents a viable strategy to concurrently address the challenges of municipal solid waste management and the need for alternative energy. In this context, the present review systematically synthesizes recent advances in RDF preparation, combustion behavior, and efficient utilization technologies. The study examines the full chain of RDF production—including waste selection, mechanical/optical/magnetic sorting, granulation, briquetting, and chemical modification—highlighting how pretreatment technologies influence fuel homogeneity, calorific value, and emissions. The thermochemical conversion characteristics of RDF are systematically analyzed, covering the mechanism differences among slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, flash pyrolysis, pyrolysis mechanisms, catalytic pyrolysis, fragmentation behavior, volatile release patterns, and kinetic modeling using Arrhenius and model-free isoconversional methods (e.g., FWO). Special attention is given to co-firing and high-efficiency combustion technologies, including ultra-supercritical boilers, circulating fluidized beds, and rotary kilns, where fuel quality, ash fusion behavior, slagging, bed agglomeration, and particulate emissions determine operational compatibility. Integrating recent findings, this review identifies the key technical bottlenecks—feedstock variability, chlorine/sulfur release, heavy-metal contaminants, ash-related issues, and the need for standardized RDF quality control. Emerging solutions such as AI-assisted sorting, catalytic upgrading, optimized co-firing strategies, and advanced thermal conversion systems (oxy-fuel, chemical looping, supercritical steam cycles) are discussed within the broader context of carbon reduction and circular economy transitions. Overall, RDF represents a scalable, flexible, and high-value waste-to-energy pathway, and the review provides insights into future research directions, system optimization, and policy frameworks required to support its industrial deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=191587230
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        Value: 10.3390/en19030751
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 26
        StartPage: 751
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Waste products as fuel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Combustion engineering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pyrolysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Co-combustion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emission control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Circular economy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical processes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Refuse as fuel
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) for Low-Carbon Waste-to-Energy: Advances in Preparation Technologies, Thermochemical Behavior, and High-Efficiency Combustion Systems.
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            NameFull: Jiao, Hao
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            NameFull: Li, Jingzhe
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            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
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