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Gypsum-integrated, goethite-modified biochar enhances Cd and As immobilization in contaminated paddy soil under contrasting redox conditions.

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Title: Gypsum-integrated, goethite-modified biochar enhances Cd and As immobilization in contaminated paddy soil under contrasting redox conditions.
Authors: Ahmad, Iftikhar Ali1,2 (AUTHOR) iftikhar_malik@webmail.hzau.edu.cn, Mehran, Muhammad1 (AUTHOR) mehranmuhammad@webmail.hzau.edu.cn, Haider, Sharjeel1 (AUTHOR) haiders@webmail.hzau.edu.cn, Murad, Zaryab1,2 (AUTHOR) zaryab@webmail.hzau.edu.cn, Islam, Md. Shoffikul1,2,3 (AUTHOR) msislam@cu.ac.bd, Fu, Qingling1,2 (AUTHOR) fuqingling@mail.hzau.edu.cn, Zhu, Jun1,2 (AUTHOR) jzhu@mail.hzau.edu.cn, Hu, Hongqing1,2 (AUTHOR) hqhu@mail.hzau.edu.cn
Source: Environmental Geochemistry & Health. Feb2026, Vol. 48 Issue 3, p1-18. 18p.
Abstract: Goethite-enriched biochar has been widely studied for contaminant stabilization. Yet, the development and efficacy of a single composite material that integrates goethite-biochar with a calcium-based amendment (e.g., gypsum) for co-contaminated soils remain unexplored, particularly the interactive effects on metal immobilization. To address this gap and leverage the potential of calcium sulfate to enhance GBC performance, we developed a novel gypsum-integrated, goethite-modified biochar (Gyp-GBC) and applied it to cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) co-contaminated alkaline paddy soil across contrasting redox regimes, demonstrating synergistic Fe-Ca interactions that increase As/Cd immobilization beyond additive effects. Gypsum or GBC alone were significantly less effective (p < 0.05) than Gyp-GBC in decreasing bioavailable Cd and As by 54.3% and 42.9% under flooded conditions and by 50.6% and 46.0% under unsaturated conditions. Moreover, Gyp-GBC reduced Cd extractable by the toxicity characteristics leaching procedures by 56.1%, 49.1% and As by 42.7%, 50.9% under flooded and unsaturated regimes, respectively, demonstrating a marked reduction in leachability and potential toxicity. Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), further demonstrated that immobilization was due to Fe-mediated redox processes, precipitation, and complexation. Collectively, Gyp-GBC showed increased immobilization ability in redox-variable soil. These results improve understanding of Fe-mediated geochemical processes in alkaline paddy soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 191796628
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  Data: Gypsum-integrated, goethite-modified biochar enhances Cd and As immobilization in contaminated paddy soil under contrasting redox conditions.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ahmad%2C+Iftikhar+Ali%22&quot;&gt;Ahmad, Iftikhar Ali&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; iftikhar_malik@webmail.hzau.edu.cn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Mehran%2C+Muhammad%22&quot;&gt;Mehran, Muhammad&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; mehranmuhammad@webmail.hzau.edu.cn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Haider%2C+Sharjeel%22&quot;&gt;Haider, Sharjeel&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; haiders@webmail.hzau.edu.cn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Murad%2C+Zaryab%22&quot;&gt;Murad, Zaryab&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; zaryab@webmail.hzau.edu.cn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Islam%2C+Md%2E+Shoffikul%22&quot;&gt;Islam, Md. Shoffikul&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2,3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; msislam@cu.ac.bd&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Fu%2C+Qingling%22&quot;&gt;Fu, Qingling&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; fuqingling@mail.hzau.edu.cn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zhu%2C+Jun%22&quot;&gt;Zhu, Jun&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; jzhu@mail.hzau.edu.cn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Hu%2C+Hongqing%22&quot;&gt;Hu, Hongqing&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; hqhu@mail.hzau.edu.cn&lt;/i&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Environmental+Geochemistry+%26+Health%22&quot;&gt;Environmental Geochemistry &amp; Health&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Feb2026, Vol. 48 Issue 3, p1-18. 18p.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Goethite-enriched biochar has been widely studied for contaminant stabilization. Yet, the development and efficacy of a single composite material that integrates goethite-biochar with a calcium-based amendment (e.g., gypsum) for co-contaminated soils remain unexplored, particularly the interactive effects on metal immobilization. To address this gap and leverage the potential of calcium sulfate to enhance GBC performance, we developed a novel gypsum-integrated, goethite-modified biochar (Gyp-GBC) and applied it to cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) co-contaminated alkaline paddy soil across contrasting redox regimes, demonstrating synergistic Fe-Ca interactions that increase As/Cd immobilization beyond additive effects. Gypsum or GBC alone were significantly less effective (p &lt; 0.05) than Gyp-GBC in decreasing bioavailable Cd and As by 54.3% and 42.9% under flooded conditions and by 50.6% and 46.0% under unsaturated conditions. Moreover, Gyp-GBC reduced Cd extractable by the toxicity characteristics leaching procedures by 56.1%, 49.1% and As by 42.7%, 50.9% under flooded and unsaturated regimes, respectively, demonstrating a marked reduction in leachability and potential toxicity. Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), further demonstrated that immobilization was due to Fe-mediated redox processes, precipitation, and complexation. Collectively, Gyp-GBC showed increased immobilization ability in redox-variable soil. These results improve understanding of Fe-mediated geochemical processes in alkaline paddy soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=191796628
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10653-026-03069-z
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 1
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      – TitleFull: Gypsum-integrated, goethite-modified biochar enhances Cd and As immobilization in contaminated paddy soil under contrasting redox conditions.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Ahmad, Iftikhar Ali
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            NameFull: Mehran, Muhammad
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            NameFull: Haider, Sharjeel
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            NameFull: Murad, Zaryab
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            NameFull: Islam, Md. Shoffikul
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            NameFull: Fu, Qingling
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            NameFull: Zhu, Jun
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            NameFull: Hu, Hongqing
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 02694042
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              Value: 48
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              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Environmental Geochemistry & Health
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