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The H2O component of sheared mantle peridotites from the Kaapvaal craton: evidence for hydrous deformation with implications for the stability of cratons.

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Title: The H2O component of sheared mantle peridotites from the Kaapvaal craton: evidence for hydrous deformation with implications for the stability of cratons.
Authors: Heckel, Catharina1,2 (AUTHOR) catharina.heckel@anu.edu.au, Withers, Anthony C.3 (AUTHOR), Woodland, Alan B.1 (AUTHOR), Gibson, Sally A.4 (AUTHOR), Ludwig, Thomas5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Contributions to Mineralogy & Petrology. Feb2026, Vol. 181 Issue 2, p1-22. 22p.
Subject Terms: *Metasomatism, *Cratons, *Kimberlite, *Deformations (Mechanics), *Peridotite
Geographic Terms: Lesotho
Abstract: Sheared peridotite xenoliths entrained by kimberlites provide snapshots of metasomatism and deformation within the cratonic mantle. Here, we present H2O concentrations of nominally anhydrous minerals (olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene) in 18 low-, moderate- and high-T sheared peridotites from the Kimberley and northern Lesotho kimberlite cluster (Kaapvaal craton). H2O contents range from < 1–80 µg/g (olivine), 70–310 µg/g (orthopyroxene) and 120–300 µg/g (clinopyroxene), implying hydration through metasomatism. Core to rim heterogeneities in H2O concentrations indicate that ortho- and clinopyroxene cores preserve an older metasomatic/deformation event in the lithospheric mantle while olivine cores record the youngest metasomatic event. The latter must have happened immediately prior to xenolith entrainment and transport to the surface. Calculated H2O contents for the metasomatic agents range from 1 to 3 wt% H2O. We speculate that highly-reactive hydrous (proto-)kimberlitic melts caused oxidizing metasomatism that triggered deformation prior potentially enhanced craton destabilization as well as the local resorption of diamonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 192095122
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Sheared peridotite xenoliths entrained by kimberlites provide snapshots of metasomatism and deformation within the cratonic mantle. Here, we present H2O concentrations of nominally anhydrous minerals (olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene) in 18 low-, moderate- and high-T sheared peridotites from the Kimberley and northern Lesotho kimberlite cluster (Kaapvaal craton). H2O contents range from &lt; 1–80 &#181;g/g (olivine), 70–310 &#181;g/g (orthopyroxene) and 120–300 &#181;g/g (clinopyroxene), implying hydration through metasomatism. Core to rim heterogeneities in H2O concentrations indicate that ortho- and clinopyroxene cores preserve an older metasomatic/deformation event in the lithospheric mantle while olivine cores record the youngest metasomatic event. The latter must have happened immediately prior to xenolith entrainment and transport to the surface. Calculated H2O contents for the metasomatic agents range from 1 to 3 wt% H2O. We speculate that highly-reactive hydrous (proto-)kimberlitic melts caused oxidizing metasomatism that triggered deformation prior potentially enhanced craton destabilization as well as the local resorption of diamonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=192095122
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s00410-025-02295-5
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Metasomatism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cratons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kimberlite
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deformations (Mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Peridotite
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lesotho
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The H2O component of sheared mantle peridotites from the Kaapvaal craton: evidence for hydrous deformation with implications for the stability of cratons.
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            NameFull: Heckel, Catharina
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            NameFull: Withers, Anthony C.
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            NameFull: Woodland, Alan B.
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            NameFull: Gibson, Sally A.
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            NameFull: Ludwig, Thomas
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            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 181
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            – TitleFull: Contributions to Mineralogy & Petrology
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