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Entrained-flow gasification of sewage sludge to reduce heavy metals in the remaining ash.

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Title: Entrained-flow gasification of sewage sludge to reduce heavy metals in the remaining ash.
Authors: Ewald, Andreas1 (AUTHOR) andreas.ewald@tum.de, Spliethoff, Hartmut1 (AUTHOR), Fendt, Sebastian1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Material Cycles & Waste Management. Mar2026, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p1211-1227. 17p.
Subject Terms: *Sewage sludge, *Biomass gasification, *Halogens, *Heat treatment, *Metal vapors, *Metals removal (Sewage purification), *Analytical chemistry
Abstract: Containing essential plant nutrients like P, sewage sludge is a potential raw material for recovering nutrients. However, sewage sludge contains organic pollutants and heavy metals. Thermal treatment can crack organic pollutants and reduce heavy metals. This study investigated whether entrained-flow gasification, despite its short residence time, enables the evaporation of heavy metals to be a suitable thermal treatment method for sewage sludge. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations predicted how the reaction atmosphere, temperature, and additives affect the evaporation of heavy metals during thermal treatment. Sewage sludge was gasified under different atmospheres, temperatures, and with seventeen additives. Remaining ash was analyzed for its Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb content. Using different types of sewage sludge, one high in Fe and one high in Al, findings were reproduced, while including As, Tl, and Zn in the investigation. In line with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, halogen-containing additives promoted the evaporation of some heavy metals. The most significant factor influencing heavy metal evaporation was an increase in gasification temperature. At studied conditions, entrained-flow gasification evaporated over 90% of Cd, Hg, Pb, 75% of Zn, and 50% of Cr, As, Tl. Evaporation of Cu and Ni could not be determined conclusively. Highlights: Entrained flow gasification of three kinds of sewage sludge for P recovery Influence of atmosphere, temperature and up to seventeen additives on the ash Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations to estimate influences on the evaporation Halogen containing additives support the evaporation of heavy metals in gasification Gasification temperature increases the evaporation of heavy metals most significantly [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 192344161
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Entrained-flow gasification of sewage sludge to reduce heavy metals in the remaining ash.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ewald%2C+Andreas%22">Ewald, Andreas</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> andreas.ewald@tum.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Spliethoff%2C+Hartmut%22">Spliethoff, Hartmut</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fendt%2C+Sebastian%22">Fendt, Sebastian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Material+Cycles+%26+Waste+Management%22">Journal of Material Cycles & Waste Management</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p1211-1227. 17p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sewage+sludge%22">Sewage sludge</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomass+gasification%22">Biomass gasification</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Halogens%22">Halogens</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+treatment%22">Heat treatment</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metal+vapors%22">Metal vapors</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metals+removal+%28Sewage+purification%29%22">Metals removal (Sewage purification)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analytical+chemistry%22">Analytical chemistry</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Containing essential plant nutrients like P, sewage sludge is a potential raw material for recovering nutrients. However, sewage sludge contains organic pollutants and heavy metals. Thermal treatment can crack organic pollutants and reduce heavy metals. This study investigated whether entrained-flow gasification, despite its short residence time, enables the evaporation of heavy metals to be a suitable thermal treatment method for sewage sludge. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations predicted how the reaction atmosphere, temperature, and additives affect the evaporation of heavy metals during thermal treatment. Sewage sludge was gasified under different atmospheres, temperatures, and with seventeen additives. Remaining ash was analyzed for its Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb content. Using different types of sewage sludge, one high in Fe and one high in Al, findings were reproduced, while including As, Tl, and Zn in the investigation. In line with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, halogen-containing additives promoted the evaporation of some heavy metals. The most significant factor influencing heavy metal evaporation was an increase in gasification temperature. At studied conditions, entrained-flow gasification evaporated over 90% of Cd, Hg, Pb, 75% of Zn, and 50% of Cr, As, Tl. Evaporation of Cu and Ni could not be determined conclusively. Highlights: Entrained flow gasification of three kinds of sewage sludge for P recovery Influence of atmosphere, temperature and up to seventeen additives on the ash Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations to estimate influences on the evaporation Halogen containing additives support the evaporation of heavy metals in gasification Gasification temperature increases the evaporation of heavy metals most significantly [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=192344161
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10163-026-02488-5
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 1211
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Sewage sludge
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomass gasification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Halogens
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metal vapors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metals removal (Sewage purification)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Analytical chemistry
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Entrained-flow gasification of sewage sludge to reduce heavy metals in the remaining ash.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Ewald, Andreas
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            NameFull: Spliethoff, Hartmut
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Fendt, Sebastian
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 14384957
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              Value: 28
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              Value: 2
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of Material Cycles & Waste Management
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