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Impacts and influencing pathways of urbanization on carbon–water-energy-food nexus across Chinese cities.

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Title: Impacts and influencing pathways of urbanization on carbon–water-energy-food nexus across Chinese cities.
Authors: Li, Chenggang1,2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Yong1 (AUTHOR), Xu, Zhenci3,4 (AUTHOR) xuzhenci@hku.hk, Zhao, Gang1 (AUTHOR), Bao, Youhui1 (AUTHOR), Cai, Chengcheng5 (AUTHOR), Lu, Yu6 (AUTHOR), Mao, Yufeng1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Alexander Boxuan7 (AUTHOR), Wu, Liang8 (AUTHOR)
Source: Environment, Development & Sustainability. Mar2026, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p5767-5793. 27p.
Subject Terms: *Urbanization, *Technological progress, *Panel analysis, *Cities & towns, *Sustainable urban development, *System dynamics
Geographic Terms: China
Abstract: Food, water, energy and carbon (F-W-E-C), as important factors of urban development, have synergistic effects and trade-off effects with each other. Scientifically assessing the impact of urbanization on the F-W-E-C nexus is beneficial to optimize the urban development layout and achieve the sustainable urban development. Nevertheless, extant studies have not evaluated the impact and influencing pathways of urbanization on the F-W-E-C nexus. In this study, the Coupling Coordination Degree Model is used to explore the F-W-E-C nexus of 252 prefecture-level cities in China. The panel data model and mediating effect model are utilized to study the impact of urbanization on the F-W-E-C nexus and the impact pathways. This study finds that the F-W-E-C nexus across Chinese cities is weak trade-off. The urbanization promotes the synergy of F-W-E-C. The positive impact is greater in the central cities than in the eastern and western cities, and is greater in medium-sized cities than in small cities, large cities and above. The technological progress is an important pathway of urbanization impacting the F-W-E-C nexus, and assists urbanization to generate a positive influence on the F-W-E-C nexus. This research has implications for promoting a systematic, orderly, and rational coordination development of F-W-E-C and for sustainable urbanization development in China and the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 192417996
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Impacts and influencing pathways of urbanization on carbon–water-energy-food nexus across Chinese cities.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Chenggang%22">Li, Chenggang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Yong%22">Liu, Yong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Zhenci%22">Xu, Zhenci</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xuzhenci@hku.hk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Gang%22">Zhao, Gang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bao%2C+Youhui%22">Bao, Youhui</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cai%2C+Chengcheng%22">Cai, Chengcheng</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lu%2C+Yu%22">Lu, Yu</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mao%2C+Yufeng%22">Mao, Yufeng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Alexander+Boxuan%22">Wang, Alexander Boxuan</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Liang%22">Wu, Liang</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environment%2C+Development+%26+Sustainability%22">Environment, Development & Sustainability</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p5767-5793. 27p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Urbanization%22">Urbanization</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Technological+progress%22">Technological progress</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Panel+analysis%22">Panel analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cities+%26+towns%22">Cities & towns</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainable+urban+development%22">Sustainable urban development</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22System+dynamics%22">System dynamics</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22China%22">China</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Food, water, energy and carbon (F-W-E-C), as important factors of urban development, have synergistic effects and trade-off effects with each other. Scientifically assessing the impact of urbanization on the F-W-E-C nexus is beneficial to optimize the urban development layout and achieve the sustainable urban development. Nevertheless, extant studies have not evaluated the impact and influencing pathways of urbanization on the F-W-E-C nexus. In this study, the Coupling Coordination Degree Model is used to explore the F-W-E-C nexus of 252 prefecture-level cities in China. The panel data model and mediating effect model are utilized to study the impact of urbanization on the F-W-E-C nexus and the impact pathways. This study finds that the F-W-E-C nexus across Chinese cities is weak trade-off. The urbanization promotes the synergy of F-W-E-C. The positive impact is greater in the central cities than in the eastern and western cities, and is greater in medium-sized cities than in small cities, large cities and above. The technological progress is an important pathway of urbanization impacting the F-W-E-C nexus, and assists urbanization to generate a positive influence on the F-W-E-C nexus. This research has implications for promoting a systematic, orderly, and rational coordination development of F-W-E-C and for sustainable urbanization development in China and the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10668-024-05160-w
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 27
        StartPage: 5767
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Urbanization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Technological progress
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Panel analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cities & towns
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      – SubjectFull: Sustainable urban development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: System dynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: China
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Impacts and influencing pathways of urbanization on carbon–water-energy-food nexus across Chinese cities.
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            NameFull: Li, Chenggang
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            NameFull: Liu, Yong
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            NameFull: Xu, Zhenci
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            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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