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Enhanced antenna selection techniques for energy-efficient code index modulation aided spatial modulated wireless communication systems.

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Title: Enhanced antenna selection techniques for energy-efficient code index modulation aided spatial modulated wireless communication systems.
Authors: ÇÖGEN, Fatih1,2, ÖZDEN, Burak Ahmet2,3, AYDIN, Erdoğan2 erdogan.aydin@medeniyet.edu.tr
Source: Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences. 2026, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p264-288. 25p.
Subject Terms: *MIMO systems, *Quadrature amplitude modulation, *Electronic modulation, *Wireless channels, *Encoding, *Antenna design, *Hadamard codes, *Energy consumption
Abstract: This study proposes an integrated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver framework, termed CIM-HQAM-SM, which combines code index modulation (CIM) and spatial modulation (SM) with energy-efficient hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (HQAM). In the proposed bit mapping, the information bits jointly select (i) the active transmit-antenna index, (ii) the Walsh–Hadamard spreading-code indices for the in-phase and quadrature branches, and (iii) an HQAM symbol. Hence, the payload is conveyed through the constellation symbol as well as through antenna and code indices. For the considered Rayleigh-fading scenarios and matched spectral-efficiency settings, the proposed framework offers BER improvements over conventional SM and quadrature SM (QSM), while achieving uncoded BER performance comparable to CIM-SM with improved transmission-side energy efficiency due to the lower average energy of HQAM. Euclidean distance-based antenna selection (EDAS) and capacity-optimized antenna selection (COAS) are further incorporated to enhance reliability and capacity. The performance is evaluated under both perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI), and the throughput, computational complexity, and transmission-side energy-saving characteristics are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 192447964
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Enhanced antenna selection techniques for energy-efficient code index modulation aided spatial modulated wireless communication systems.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22ÇÖGEN%2C+Fatih%22">ÇÖGEN, Fatih</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22ÖZDEN%2C+Burak+Ahmet%22">ÖZDEN, Burak Ahmet</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22AYDIN%2C+Erdoğan%22">AYDIN, Erdoğan</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> erdogan.aydin@medeniyet.edu.tr</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Turkish+Journal+of+Electrical+Engineering+%26+Computer+Sciences%22">Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p264-288. 25p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MIMO+systems%22">MIMO systems</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quadrature+amplitude+modulation%22">Quadrature amplitude modulation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electronic+modulation%22">Electronic modulation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wireless+channels%22">Wireless channels</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Encoding%22">Encoding</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antenna+design%22">Antenna design</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hadamard+codes%22">Hadamard codes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study proposes an integrated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver framework, termed CIM-HQAM-SM, which combines code index modulation (CIM) and spatial modulation (SM) with energy-efficient hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (HQAM). In the proposed bit mapping, the information bits jointly select (i) the active transmit-antenna index, (ii) the Walsh–Hadamard spreading-code indices for the in-phase and quadrature branches, and (iii) an HQAM symbol. Hence, the payload is conveyed through the constellation symbol as well as through antenna and code indices. For the considered Rayleigh-fading scenarios and matched spectral-efficiency settings, the proposed framework offers BER improvements over conventional SM and quadrature SM (QSM), while achieving uncoded BER performance comparable to CIM-SM with improved transmission-side energy efficiency due to the lower average energy of HQAM. Euclidean distance-based antenna selection (EDAS) and capacity-optimized antenna selection (COAS) are further incorporated to enhance reliability and capacity. The performance is evaluated under both perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI), and the throughput, computational complexity, and transmission-side energy-saving characteristics are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.55730/1300-0632.4174
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 25
        StartPage: 264
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: MIMO systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quadrature amplitude modulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electronic modulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wireless channels
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Encoding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antenna design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hadamard codes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy consumption
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Enhanced antenna selection techniques for energy-efficient code index modulation aided spatial modulated wireless communication systems.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: ÇÖGEN, Fatih
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            NameFull: ÖZDEN, Burak Ahmet
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            NameFull: AYDIN, Erdoğan
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 13000632
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              Value: 34
            – Type: issue
              Value: 2
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences
              Type: main
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