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Modulation Optimization and Load Power Boundary Condition for a Five-Level ANPC Converter Under DC-Side Unbalanced Loads.

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Title: Modulation Optimization and Load Power Boundary Condition for a Five-Level ANPC Converter Under DC-Side Unbalanced Loads.
Authors: Li, Jin1 (AUTHOR), Min, Luting1 (AUTHOR), Tang, Weiyi1 (AUTHOR) tangweiyi@shiep.edu.cn, Zhai, Yukun1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). Mar2026, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p1576. 23p.
Subject Terms: *Pulse width modulation, *Electrical load, *Energy transfer
Abstract: This paper investigates a five-level active neutral-point-clamped (5L-ANPC) converter operating in rectifier mode with unbalanced DC-side loads, where neutral-point (NP) deviation may deteriorate grid-current quality. Conventional space-vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) is typically derived under the split-capacitor-voltage symmetry assumption; when NP deviation occurs, fixed sector boundaries and ideal volt–second balance calculations can lead to sector misclassification and synthesis errors. To address this issue, an NP-aware SVPWM scheme is proposed by reconstructing sector criteria using real-time capacitor voltages and correcting the vector dwelling-time computation to improve modulation accuracy under imbalance. Based on the power-transfer mechanism, an average-power boundary condition is further derived to quantify the admissible upper/lower load power ratio that allows NP regulation without additional hardware, and its validity is examined under resistive-load cases. Moreover, for battery-type loads exhibiting voltage-source characteristics, the control objective is extended from voltage symmetry to controllable power/charge allocation by establishing a mapping between the small-vector duty ratio and the branch average-power ratio, with constrained online solution and smoothing to mitigate coefficient jitter. Experimental validation is conducted on an OPAL-RT OP5707-based hardware-in-the-loop platform, where both single-phase and three-phase 5L-ANPC systems are implemented according to different verification objectives. The derived boundary condition for resistive loads is examined in the single-phase system, while the proposed modulation and battery-load power-allocation strategy are verified in the three-phase system. The three-phase arrangement is adopted for the battery-load case in order to avoid the second-order power ripple inherent to single-phase operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 192592750
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Modulation Optimization and Load Power Boundary Condition for a Five-Level ANPC Converter Under DC-Side Unbalanced Loads.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Jin%22">Li, Jin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Min%2C+Luting%22">Min, Luting</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tang%2C+Weiyi%22">Tang, Weiyi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> tangweiyi@shiep.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhai%2C+Yukun%22">Zhai, Yukun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p1576. 23p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pulse+width+modulation%22">Pulse width modulation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrical+load%22">Electrical load</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+transfer%22">Energy transfer</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This paper investigates a five-level active neutral-point-clamped (5L-ANPC) converter operating in rectifier mode with unbalanced DC-side loads, where neutral-point (NP) deviation may deteriorate grid-current quality. Conventional space-vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) is typically derived under the split-capacitor-voltage symmetry assumption; when NP deviation occurs, fixed sector boundaries and ideal volt–second balance calculations can lead to sector misclassification and synthesis errors. To address this issue, an NP-aware SVPWM scheme is proposed by reconstructing sector criteria using real-time capacitor voltages and correcting the vector dwelling-time computation to improve modulation accuracy under imbalance. Based on the power-transfer mechanism, an average-power boundary condition is further derived to quantify the admissible upper/lower load power ratio that allows NP regulation without additional hardware, and its validity is examined under resistive-load cases. Moreover, for battery-type loads exhibiting voltage-source characteristics, the control objective is extended from voltage symmetry to controllable power/charge allocation by establishing a mapping between the small-vector duty ratio and the branch average-power ratio, with constrained online solution and smoothing to mitigate coefficient jitter. Experimental validation is conducted on an OPAL-RT OP5707-based hardware-in-the-loop platform, where both single-phase and three-phase 5L-ANPC systems are implemented according to different verification objectives. The derived boundary condition for resistive loads is examined in the single-phase system, while the proposed modulation and battery-load power-allocation strategy are verified in the three-phase system. The three-phase arrangement is adopted for the battery-load case in order to avoid the second-order power ripple inherent to single-phase operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=192592750
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19061576
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 23
        StartPage: 1576
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Pulse width modulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrical load
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy transfer
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Modulation Optimization and Load Power Boundary Condition for a Five-Level ANPC Converter Under DC-Side Unbalanced Loads.
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            NameFull: Li, Jin
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            NameFull: Min, Luting
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            NameFull: Tang, Weiyi
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            NameFull: Zhai, Yukun
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            – D: 15
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 19961073
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 6
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            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
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