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Calculation Method and Characteristic Analysis of Short-Circuit Current for Grid-Forming VSGs Under Symmetrical Faults.

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Title: Calculation Method and Characteristic Analysis of Short-Circuit Current for Grid-Forming VSGs Under Symmetrical Faults.
Authors: Cheng, Shan1 (AUTHOR) hpucquyzu@ctgu.edu.cn, Lin, Bo1,2 (AUTHOR), Tian, Zhenshi1,2 (AUTHOR), Gu, Chunyang2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). Mar2026, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p1220. 20p.
Subject Terms: *Short-circuit currents, *Mathematical analysis, *Dynamic simulation, *Fault currents, *Electric inverters, *Electric power engineering
Abstract: With the increasing penetration of renewable energy, grid-forming inverters that provide voltage and frequency support are receiving significant attention. However, due to the voltage source characteristics of grid-forming Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs), they are prone to excessive short-circuit currents during three-phase grid faults. Moreover, conventional short-circuit current analysis methods developed for grid-following inverters cannot be directly applied to VSG-based systems. Consequently, research on fault current calculation for grid-forming VSGs has become critically important. To address this issue, this paper employs mathematical analysis to derive a short-circuit current calculation method for VSG grid-connected systems under three-phase fault conditions. Based on the derived analytical expressions, the short-circuit current characteristics of the VSG system are systematically analyzed. The correctness of the proposed analytical expressions is validated through simulations conducted on the MATLAB/Simulink(R2024b) platform. Simulation results show that the error between the analytical and simulated values remains within 8%, and decreases to below 3% after 2–3 cycles, indicating that the proposed analytical model can effectively capture the dynamic behavior of the fault current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 192640945
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Calculation Method and Characteristic Analysis of Short-Circuit Current for Grid-Forming VSGs Under Symmetrical Faults.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cheng%2C+Shan%22">Cheng, Shan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hpucquyzu@ctgu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Bo%22">Lin, Bo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tian%2C+Zhenshi%22">Tian, Zhenshi</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gu%2C+Chunyang%22">Gu, Chunyang</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p1220. 20p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Short-circuit+currents%22">Short-circuit currents</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+analysis%22">Mathematical analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dynamic+simulation%22">Dynamic simulation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fault+currents%22">Fault currents</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+inverters%22">Electric inverters</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+power+engineering%22">Electric power engineering</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: With the increasing penetration of renewable energy, grid-forming inverters that provide voltage and frequency support are receiving significant attention. However, due to the voltage source characteristics of grid-forming Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs), they are prone to excessive short-circuit currents during three-phase grid faults. Moreover, conventional short-circuit current analysis methods developed for grid-following inverters cannot be directly applied to VSG-based systems. Consequently, research on fault current calculation for grid-forming VSGs has become critically important. To address this issue, this paper employs mathematical analysis to derive a short-circuit current calculation method for VSG grid-connected systems under three-phase fault conditions. Based on the derived analytical expressions, the short-circuit current characteristics of the VSG system are systematically analyzed. The correctness of the proposed analytical expressions is validated through simulations conducted on the MATLAB/Simulink(R2024b) platform. Simulation results show that the error between the analytical and simulated values remains within 8%, and decreases to below 3% after 2–3 cycles, indicating that the proposed analytical model can effectively capture the dynamic behavior of the fault current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=192640945
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19051220
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 1220
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Short-circuit currents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dynamic simulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fault currents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric inverters
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric power engineering
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Calculation Method and Characteristic Analysis of Short-Circuit Current for Grid-Forming VSGs Under Symmetrical Faults.
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            NameFull: Cheng, Shan
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            NameFull: Lin, Bo
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            NameFull: Tian, Zhenshi
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            NameFull: Gu, Chunyang
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19961073
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 5
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            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
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