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Impact of occurrence conditions on NO3--N source apportionment in groundwater: insights from PCA-APCS-MLR and MixSIAR methods.

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Title: Impact of occurrence conditions on NO3--N source apportionment in groundwater: insights from PCA-APCS-MLR and MixSIAR methods.
Authors: Liu, Yang1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Luo, Jian4 (AUTHOR), Wu, Yajie5 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Ziyang1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Zheng, Xilai1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Zheng, Tianyuan1,2,3 (AUTHOR) zhengtianyuan@ouc.edu.cn
Source: Hydrology & Earth System Sciences. 2026, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p1449-1462. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Pollution source apportionment, *Groundwater, *Groundwater pollution, *Nitrogen, *Stable isotope analysis, *Nitrates
Abstract: Nitrate-N (NO 3- -N) contamination in groundwater poses a significant threat to drinking water safety and ecosystem health, with accurate source identification being crucial for effective pollution control. Previous studies on NO 3- -N source apportionment in groundwater have largely neglected groundwater occurrence conditions. In this study, groundwater samples from aquifers with different occurrence conditions were collected and analyzed using an integrated approach combining hydrochemical analysis (PCA-APCS-MLR) and the stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) to identify and quantify NO 3- -N pollution sources. The results demonstrate that NO 3- -N concentrations in 75 % of the groundwater samples exceeded the standard for drinking water quality of China (≤ 10 mg N L -1). NO 3- -N in unconfined groundwater predominantly originates from soil nitrogen (58 %), with a non-negligible contribution from chemical fertilizers. NO 3- -N enrichment in confined groundwater is primarily attributed to manure and sewage (37.9 %). In addition, ignoring the groundwater occurrence conditions leads to marked deviations in the source apportionment results derived from both the PCA-APCS-MLR and MixSIAR approaches. This study highlights that considering the occurrence conditions is crucial for distinguishing the primary sources of NO 3- -N in groundwater, which can enhance the accuracy of source apportionment and the effectiveness of management measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 192903848
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Impact of occurrence conditions on NO3--N source apportionment in groundwater: insights from PCA-APCS-MLR and MixSIAR methods.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Yang%22">Liu, Yang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luo%2C+Jian%22">Luo, Jian</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Yajie%22">Wu, Yajie</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Ziyang%22">Zhang, Ziyang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zheng%2C+Xilai%22">Zheng, Xilai</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zheng%2C+Tianyuan%22">Zheng, Tianyuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zhengtianyuan@ouc.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Hydrology+%26+Earth+System+Sciences%22">Hydrology & Earth System Sciences</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p1449-1462. 14p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pollution+source+apportionment%22">Pollution source apportionment</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Groundwater%22">Groundwater</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Groundwater+pollution%22">Groundwater pollution</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nitrogen%22">Nitrogen</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stable+isotope+analysis%22">Stable isotope analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nitrates%22">Nitrates</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Nitrate-N (NO 3- -N) contamination in groundwater poses a significant threat to drinking water safety and ecosystem health, with accurate source identification being crucial for effective pollution control. Previous studies on NO 3- -N source apportionment in groundwater have largely neglected groundwater occurrence conditions. In this study, groundwater samples from aquifers with different occurrence conditions were collected and analyzed using an integrated approach combining hydrochemical analysis (PCA-APCS-MLR) and the stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) to identify and quantify NO 3- -N pollution sources. The results demonstrate that NO 3- -N concentrations in 75 % of the groundwater samples exceeded the standard for drinking water quality of China (≤ 10 mg N L -1). NO 3- -N in unconfined groundwater predominantly originates from soil nitrogen (58 %), with a non-negligible contribution from chemical fertilizers. NO 3- -N enrichment in confined groundwater is primarily attributed to manure and sewage (37.9 %). In addition, ignoring the groundwater occurrence conditions leads to marked deviations in the source apportionment results derived from both the PCA-APCS-MLR and MixSIAR approaches. This study highlights that considering the occurrence conditions is crucial for distinguishing the primary sources of NO 3- -N in groundwater, which can enhance the accuracy of source apportionment and the effectiveness of management measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.5194/hess-30-1449-2026
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 1449
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Pollution source apportionment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Groundwater
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Groundwater pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nitrogen
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stable isotope analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nitrates
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Impact of occurrence conditions on NO3--N source apportionment in groundwater: insights from PCA-APCS-MLR and MixSIAR methods.
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            NameFull: Liu, Yang
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            NameFull: Luo, Jian
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            NameFull: Zhang, Ziyang
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            NameFull: Zheng, Xilai
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            – D: 15
              M: 03
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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