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Highly Concentrated Carbonate Electrolytes for Stable High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries.

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Title: Highly Concentrated Carbonate Electrolytes for Stable High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries.
Authors: Chen, Qilong1 (AUTHOR), Ma, Yu2,3 (AUTHOR), Wang, Ling3,4 (AUTHOR) wanglingz90@126.com, Zhang, Zhonghua1,4 (AUTHOR) zhangzh@qust.edu.cn, Qiao, Lixin1,2,3 (AUTHOR) qiaolx@qibebt.ac.cn
Source: Energies (19961073). Apr2026, Vol. 19 Issue 7, p1805. 15p.
Subject Terms: *Electrolytes, *Lithium cells, *Lithium-ion batteries, *Electrolyte analysis, *Electrode efficiency
Abstract: Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have been widely studied due to their high energy density; however, the practical implementation of LMBs is limited by issues of uncontrolled dendrite growth, continuous electrolyte decomposition, and poor Coulombic efficiency (CE). Highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) have emerged as a promising approach to addressing the above issues. In this work, we propose a new HCE system based on a single carbonate solvent of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate (FEMC) with a high concentration of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI). The resulting electrolytes exhibit enhanced anodic stability and improved compatibility with lithium metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes. The optimized 4 M LiFSI–FEMC HCE achieved the highest CE for Li plating/stripping in Li/Cu cell and lowest overpotential in Li/Li symmetric cells, outperforming both low-concentration FEMC and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC)-based electrolytes. In full-cell configurations with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathodes, the HCE demonstrates stable cycling with minimal capacity fade over 250 cycles. Importantly, the HCE enables stable operation of 4.6 V high-voltage NCM811/Li cells for more than 120 cycles with a high-capacity retention of 88.61%. Post-mortem analysis revealed a more uniform and compact solid electrolyte interphase and a thinner cathode electrolyte interphase, contributing to the enhanced cycling performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 192959209
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Highly Concentrated Carbonate Electrolytes for Stable High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries.
– Name: Author
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Qilong%22">Chen, Qilong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ma%2C+Yu%22">Ma, Yu</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Ling%22">Wang, Ling</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> wanglingz90@126.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Zhonghua%22">Zhang, Zhonghua</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zhangzh@qust.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qiao%2C+Lixin%22">Qiao, Lixin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> qiaolx@qibebt.ac.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 19 Issue 7, p1805. 15p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrolytes%22">Electrolytes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lithium+cells%22">Lithium cells</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lithium-ion+batteries%22">Lithium-ion batteries</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrolyte+analysis%22">Electrolyte analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrode+efficiency%22">Electrode efficiency</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have been widely studied due to their high energy density; however, the practical implementation of LMBs is limited by issues of uncontrolled dendrite growth, continuous electrolyte decomposition, and poor Coulombic efficiency (CE). Highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) have emerged as a promising approach to addressing the above issues. In this work, we propose a new HCE system based on a single carbonate solvent of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate (FEMC) with a high concentration of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI). The resulting electrolytes exhibit enhanced anodic stability and improved compatibility with lithium metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes. The optimized 4 M LiFSI–FEMC HCE achieved the highest CE for Li plating/stripping in Li/Cu cell and lowest overpotential in Li/Li symmetric cells, outperforming both low-concentration FEMC and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC)-based electrolytes. In full-cell configurations with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathodes, the HCE demonstrates stable cycling with minimal capacity fade over 250 cycles. Importantly, the HCE enables stable operation of 4.6 V high-voltage NCM811/Li cells for more than 120 cycles with a high-capacity retention of 88.61%. Post-mortem analysis revealed a more uniform and compact solid electrolyte interphase and a thinner cathode electrolyte interphase, contributing to the enhanced cycling performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19071805
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 1805
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Electrolytes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lithium cells
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lithium-ion batteries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrolyte analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrode efficiency
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Highly Concentrated Carbonate Electrolytes for Stable High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Chen, Qilong
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            NameFull: Ma, Yu
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            NameFull: Wang, Ling
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zhang, Zhonghua
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Qiao, Lixin
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 19961073
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 7
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            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
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