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Subsurface resistivity and density characterization across the M 6.3 Koyna earthquake—Donachiwada fault, Western India.

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Title: Subsurface resistivity and density characterization across the M 6.3 Koyna earthquake—Donachiwada fault, Western India.
Authors: Borah, Ujjal K1 (AUTHOR), Patro, Prasanta K2,3 (AUTHOR) patrobpk@ngri.res.in, Mishra, Satrughna4 (AUTHOR), Tiwari, Virendra M2,3,5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Earth System Science. Jun2026, Vol. 135 Issue 2, p1-14. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Density, *Geologic faults, *Fluids, *Surface conductivity, *Earthquakes, *Magnetotelluric prospecting, *Gravity anomalies, *Earthquake hazard analysis
Abstract: The subsurface electrical resistivity and density information are vital factors in assessing the seismic potential of a region, as they provide crucial insights into fault zone characterisation, such as the presence of fluid, stress accumulation and release, mechanical and thermal properties of the rocks, etc. Therefore, to elucidate the electrical characteristics of the seismically active Donachiwada fault in the Koyna Seismic Zone (KSZ), an intra-plate seismogenic region in Western India, a magnetotelluric (MT) investigation is carried out across the fault. The study brings out the electrical signature of the fault as a moderate conductor (~100–500 Ωm) within the very high resistive (≈20,000 Ωm) granite–gneiss basement. Using this electrical information as input, a joint gravity, gravity gradient (gDD), and magnetic 2.5 D modelling along the same transect is carried out, which maps the Donachiwada fault as a higher density basement block (2.82 g/cc) than the surrounding basement (2.75 g/cc). The vp/vs ratio and Poisson's ratio associated with the basement blocks are calculated from the resistivity values, and found that the Donachiwada fault is characterised by a higher vp/vs ratio (1.8) and Poisson's ratio (0.28) than the either sided basement's vp/vs ratio (1.6) and Poisson's ratio (0.18). The fault zone, having moderate conductivity with a high vp/vs ratio and a high Poisson's ratio, indicates the presence of fluid in the fault zone, and high-density material with high P-wave velocity signifies the probable igneous intrusion. The percolation of fluid and igneous intrusion into a fault zone often uses the fault as a channel and therefore, alters the mechanical and thermal properties of the fault zone and the surroundings, modifies the local stress regime, and may trigger larger seismic activity in future. Research highlights: MT study delineates the fault as moderate conductor within high resistive basement. Gravity study estimates higher density for the fault than the surrounding basement. vp/vs ratio estimated from resistivity shows higher value for the fault. These fault characteristics indicate fluid presence and probable igneous intrusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Subsurface resistivity and density characterization across the M 6.3 Koyna earthquake—Donachiwada fault, Western India.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Borah%2C+Ujjal+K%22">Borah, Ujjal K</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Patro%2C+Prasanta+K%22">Patro, Prasanta K</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> patrobpk@ngri.res.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mishra%2C+Satrughna%22">Mishra, Satrughna</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tiwari%2C+Virendra+M%22">Tiwari, Virendra M</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Earth+System+Science%22">Journal of Earth System Science</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 135 Issue 2, p1-14. 14p.
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  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Density%22">Density</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geologic+faults%22">Geologic faults</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluids%22">Fluids</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+conductivity%22">Surface conductivity</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earthquakes%22">Earthquakes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetotelluric+prospecting%22">Magnetotelluric prospecting</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gravity+anomalies%22">Gravity anomalies</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earthquake+hazard+analysis%22">Earthquake hazard analysis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The subsurface electrical resistivity and density information are vital factors in assessing the seismic potential of a region, as they provide crucial insights into fault zone characterisation, such as the presence of fluid, stress accumulation and release, mechanical and thermal properties of the rocks, etc. Therefore, to elucidate the electrical characteristics of the seismically active Donachiwada fault in the Koyna Seismic Zone (KSZ), an intra-plate seismogenic region in Western India, a magnetotelluric (MT) investigation is carried out across the fault. The study brings out the electrical signature of the fault as a moderate conductor (~100–500 Ωm) within the very high resistive (≈20,000 Ωm) granite–gneiss basement. Using this electrical information as input, a joint gravity, gravity gradient (gDD), and magnetic 2.5 D modelling along the same transect is carried out, which maps the Donachiwada fault as a higher density basement block (2.82 g/cc) than the surrounding basement (2.75 g/cc). The vp/vs ratio and Poisson's ratio associated with the basement blocks are calculated from the resistivity values, and found that the Donachiwada fault is characterised by a higher vp/vs ratio (1.8) and Poisson's ratio (0.28) than the either sided basement's vp/vs ratio (1.6) and Poisson's ratio (0.18). The fault zone, having moderate conductivity with a high vp/vs ratio and a high Poisson's ratio, indicates the presence of fluid in the fault zone, and high-density material with high P-wave velocity signifies the probable igneous intrusion. The percolation of fluid and igneous intrusion into a fault zone often uses the fault as a channel and therefore, alters the mechanical and thermal properties of the fault zone and the surroundings, modifies the local stress regime, and may trigger larger seismic activity in future. Research highlights: MT study delineates the fault as moderate conductor within high resistive basement. Gravity study estimates higher density for the fault than the surrounding basement. vp/vs ratio estimated from resistivity shows higher value for the fault. These fault characteristics indicate fluid presence and probable igneous intrusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s12040-026-02787-3
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Density
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geologic faults
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fluids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surface conductivity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Earthquakes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetotelluric prospecting
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gravity anomalies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Earthquake hazard analysis
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Subsurface resistivity and density characterization across the M 6.3 Koyna earthquake—Donachiwada fault, Western India.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Borah, Ujjal K
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Patro, Prasanta K
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Mishra, Satrughna
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Tiwari, Virendra M
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 02534126
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            – Type: volume
              Value: 135
            – Type: issue
              Value: 2
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of Earth System Science
              Type: main
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