Evaluating undergrowth species pattern and soil seed banks mode for monitoring conservation in a protected forest of Nigeria.

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Title: Evaluating undergrowth species pattern and soil seed banks mode for monitoring conservation in a protected forest of Nigeria.
Authors: Omomoh, Bernard Eromosele1 (AUTHOR) beomomoh@futa.edu.ng, Aigbe, Precious Daniel2 (AUTHOR) Goldaigbe@gmail.com, Alli, Busayo Janet3 (AUTHOR) jolabode@unilag.edu.ng, Ogunsanwo, Gbenga Elijah3 (AUTHOR) gbengaogunsanwo@gmail.com, Akomolafe, Gbenga Festus4,5 (AUTHOR) gbenga.akomolafe@science.fulafia.edu.ng, Adeniji, Oluwafemi Adebayo6 (AUTHOR) adenijifemi2@yahoo.com, Agbede, Isaac Kolawole7 (AUTHOR) agbedeik@gmail.com
Source: Environment, Development & Sustainability. May2026, Vol. 28 Issue 5, p11657-11682. 26p.
Subject Terms: *Soil seed banks, *Species diversity, *Forest protection, *Herbaceous plants, *Endangered species listing, *Germination, *Forest ecology, *Biodiversity monitoring
Geographic Terms: Nigeria
Abstract: As most trees enter senescence, the assessment of undergrowth species and seedling outcomes from soil seed banks becomes imminent research and an essential tool to checklist an area prioritized for tree conservation. The procedure to ascertain senescent trees are not underrepresented is uncommon research, specifically for a buffer zone of a Strict Nature Reserve (SNR) in the Akure Forest Reserve. This study evaluates the species richness of the undergrowth patterns that are prioritized for conservation and also examines the effective soil depths for seedling outcomes. However, four (4) sample plots (50 × 50 m2) from lowlands were established at the buffer zone of a protected forest to measure the population size of the undergrowth species pattern. Similarly, twenty (20) 1 × 1 m2 quadrats of 60 samples were collected at different soil depths (0–3 cm, 3–6 cm, 6–9 cm) and were warm stratified at about 21–39 °C in a greenhouse for seedling outcome. A total of 97 undergrowth species were encountered aboveground, while a total of 18 plant species were distributed at 0–3 cm, 16 at 3–6 cm, and 8 at 6–9 cm seedling emergence. The results from the statistical analysis showed the observed differences among the soil depths from the seedling outcome are significant, and there is a strong dissimilarity between the seedling outcome and the undergrowth species. The undergrowth species pattern is more diverse, and the species richness is higher, which implies a stable community with little or no disturbance. Regrettably, some aging trees were still underrepresented, despite the undergrowth species richness and diversity. More so, the IUCN red list assessment showed that numerous plants, i.e., 34 plants out of 97 undergrowth species, fall into the category of Not Evaluated (NE), which showed that many plants in this typical forest are still going through IUCN evaluation. The current evaluation will assist the IUCN assessment and also help government agents in the conservation allotment of underrepresented aging trees in the protected forest. In the meantime, public education will be used to manage the unsustainable gathering of wild fruit and forest food in the buffer zone. This will be followed by support for home gardens as a means of preventing the overuse of aging tree fruit and plants throughout the ecosystem. It was advised that research be done in protected areas of the forest on soil depths suitable for seedling recruitment and soil seed banks potential that would support conservation action allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Evaluating undergrowth species pattern and soil seed banks mode for monitoring conservation in a protected forest of Nigeria.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Omomoh%2C+Bernard+Eromosele%22">Omomoh, Bernard Eromosele</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> beomomoh@futa.edu.ng</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aigbe%2C+Precious+Daniel%22">Aigbe, Precious Daniel</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> Goldaigbe@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alli%2C+Busayo+Janet%22">Alli, Busayo Janet</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jolabode@unilag.edu.ng</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ogunsanwo%2C+Gbenga+Elijah%22">Ogunsanwo, Gbenga Elijah</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> gbengaogunsanwo@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Akomolafe%2C+Gbenga+Festus%22">Akomolafe, Gbenga Festus</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> gbenga.akomolafe@science.fulafia.edu.ng</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adeniji%2C+Oluwafemi+Adebayo%22">Adeniji, Oluwafemi Adebayo</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> adenijifemi2@yahoo.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Agbede%2C+Isaac+Kolawole%22">Agbede, Isaac Kolawole</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> agbedeik@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environment%2C+Development+%26+Sustainability%22">Environment, Development & Sustainability</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 28 Issue 5, p11657-11682. 26p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+seed+banks%22">Soil seed banks</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Species+diversity%22">Species diversity</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forest+protection%22">Forest protection</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Herbaceous+plants%22">Herbaceous plants</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Endangered+species+listing%22">Endangered species listing</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Germination%22">Germination</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forest+ecology%22">Forest ecology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biodiversity+monitoring%22">Biodiversity monitoring</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nigeria%22">Nigeria</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: As most trees enter senescence, the assessment of undergrowth species and seedling outcomes from soil seed banks becomes imminent research and an essential tool to checklist an area prioritized for tree conservation. The procedure to ascertain senescent trees are not underrepresented is uncommon research, specifically for a buffer zone of a Strict Nature Reserve (SNR) in the Akure Forest Reserve. This study evaluates the species richness of the undergrowth patterns that are prioritized for conservation and also examines the effective soil depths for seedling outcomes. However, four (4) sample plots (50 × 50 m2) from lowlands were established at the buffer zone of a protected forest to measure the population size of the undergrowth species pattern. Similarly, twenty (20) 1 × 1 m2 quadrats of 60 samples were collected at different soil depths (0–3 cm, 3–6 cm, 6–9 cm) and were warm stratified at about 21–39 °C in a greenhouse for seedling outcome. A total of 97 undergrowth species were encountered aboveground, while a total of 18 plant species were distributed at 0–3 cm, 16 at 3–6 cm, and 8 at 6–9 cm seedling emergence. The results from the statistical analysis showed the observed differences among the soil depths from the seedling outcome are significant, and there is a strong dissimilarity between the seedling outcome and the undergrowth species. The undergrowth species pattern is more diverse, and the species richness is higher, which implies a stable community with little or no disturbance. Regrettably, some aging trees were still underrepresented, despite the undergrowth species richness and diversity. More so, the IUCN red list assessment showed that numerous plants, i.e., 34 plants out of 97 undergrowth species, fall into the category of Not Evaluated (NE), which showed that many plants in this typical forest are still going through IUCN evaluation. The current evaluation will assist the IUCN assessment and also help government agents in the conservation allotment of underrepresented aging trees in the protected forest. In the meantime, public education will be used to manage the unsustainable gathering of wild fruit and forest food in the buffer zone. This will be followed by support for home gardens as a means of preventing the overuse of aging tree fruit and plants throughout the ecosystem. It was advised that research be done in protected areas of the forest on soil depths suitable for seedling recruitment and soil seed banks potential that would support conservation action allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10668-024-05325-7
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 26
        StartPage: 11657
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Soil seed banks
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Species diversity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Forest protection
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Herbaceous plants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Endangered species listing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Germination
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Forest ecology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biodiversity monitoring
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nigeria
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Evaluating undergrowth species pattern and soil seed banks mode for monitoring conservation in a protected forest of Nigeria.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Omomoh, Bernard Eromosele
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            NameFull: Aigbe, Precious Daniel
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            NameFull: Alli, Busayo Janet
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            NameFull: Ogunsanwo, Gbenga Elijah
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            NameFull: Akomolafe, Gbenga Festus
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            NameFull: Adeniji, Oluwafemi Adebayo
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            NameFull: Agbede, Isaac Kolawole
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 1387585X
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 28
            – Type: issue
              Value: 5
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Environment, Development & Sustainability
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