Unified Stability Metrics for Grid-Support Technologies in a PV-Dominated IEEE 9-Bus Test System.
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| Title: | Unified Stability Metrics for Grid-Support Technologies in a PV-Dominated IEEE 9-Bus Test System. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Pather, Leeshen1 (AUTHOR) patherl@eskom.co.za, Sarma, Rudiren1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Energies (19961073). Apr2026, Vol. 19 Issue 8, p1906. 51p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Electric power system stability, *Reactive power control, *Battery storage plants, *Frequencies of oscillating systems, *Synchronous capacitors, *Photovoltaic power generation |
| Abstract: | The increase in utility-scale PV generation and the displacement of synchronous machines reduce system strength, reactive power headroom, voltage resilience, and overall power system stability, motivating a robust comparison of various mitigation technologies beyond static load-flow or PV assessments. RMS time-domain simulations are performed for balanced and unbalanced contingencies, and performance is quantified using post-fault voltage dip depth, undervoltage area (V < 0.9 pu.), recovery time to nominal, and RoCoF. These metrics are aggregated into a single weighted composite severity score, which is then normalised to the baseline to form the dynamic voltage resilience index (DVRI) and the Frequency Disturbance Relative Index (FDRI). The results show that the converter-based reactive power support devices deliver the fastest and most controllable post-fault voltage restoration, with the STATCOM achieving the lowest composite penalty and best DVRI under severe fault conditions but the poorest FDRI during PV plant trip/reconnection events. The synchronous condenser (SC) improves post-fault recovery through excitation driven reactive capability and increased short-circuit contribution, but its recovery to nominal voltage levels is slower and can produce negative-sequence current under unbalanced fault conditions whilst producing the smallest frequency disturbance and best FDRI. The SVC provides effective steady-state regulation but becomes less effective during extremely low voltages due to the voltage-dependent reactive power output, and its FDRI remains close to baseline. The BESS-GFM is dependent on the inverter current limits and the control priorities, which influence both voltage recovery and response times, achieving an FDRI scoring second to the SC. These metrics are combined into baseline normalised composite indices (DVRI and FDRI) using explicitly dimensionless sub-metrics (dip magnitude, exposure area, and recovery delay for voltage and deviation magnitude, windowed RoCoF, and exposure for frequency). Equal weights are used as a neutral baseline, and a weight sensitivity study is included to confirm that technology rankings are robust to plausible variations in weighting choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Database: | Energy & Power Source |
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| Header | DbId: enr DbLabel: Energy & Power Source An: 193438246 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Unified Stability Metrics for Grid-Support Technologies in a PV-Dominated IEEE 9-Bus Test System. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pather%2C+Leeshen%22">Pather, Leeshen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> patherl@eskom.co.za</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sarma%2C+Rudiren%22">Sarma, Rudiren</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 19 Issue 8, p1906. 51p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+power+system+stability%22">Electric power system stability</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reactive+power+control%22">Reactive power control</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Battery+storage+plants%22">Battery storage plants</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Frequencies+of+oscillating+systems%22">Frequencies of oscillating systems</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Synchronous+capacitors%22">Synchronous capacitors</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photovoltaic+power+generation%22">Photovoltaic power generation</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The increase in utility-scale PV generation and the displacement of synchronous machines reduce system strength, reactive power headroom, voltage resilience, and overall power system stability, motivating a robust comparison of various mitigation technologies beyond static load-flow or PV assessments. RMS time-domain simulations are performed for balanced and unbalanced contingencies, and performance is quantified using post-fault voltage dip depth, undervoltage area (V < 0.9 pu.), recovery time to nominal, and RoCoF. These metrics are aggregated into a single weighted composite severity score, which is then normalised to the baseline to form the dynamic voltage resilience index (DVRI) and the Frequency Disturbance Relative Index (FDRI). The results show that the converter-based reactive power support devices deliver the fastest and most controllable post-fault voltage restoration, with the STATCOM achieving the lowest composite penalty and best DVRI under severe fault conditions but the poorest FDRI during PV plant trip/reconnection events. The synchronous condenser (SC) improves post-fault recovery through excitation driven reactive capability and increased short-circuit contribution, but its recovery to nominal voltage levels is slower and can produce negative-sequence current under unbalanced fault conditions whilst producing the smallest frequency disturbance and best FDRI. The SVC provides effective steady-state regulation but becomes less effective during extremely low voltages due to the voltage-dependent reactive power output, and its FDRI remains close to baseline. The BESS-GFM is dependent on the inverter current limits and the control priorities, which influence both voltage recovery and response times, achieving an FDRI scoring second to the SC. These metrics are combined into baseline normalised composite indices (DVRI and FDRI) using explicitly dimensionless sub-metrics (dip magnitude, exposure area, and recovery delay for voltage and deviation magnitude, windowed RoCoF, and exposure for frequency). Equal weights are used as a neutral baseline, and a weight sensitivity study is included to confirm that technology rankings are robust to plausible variations in weighting choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/en19081906 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 51 StartPage: 1906 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Electric power system stability Type: general – SubjectFull: Reactive power control Type: general – SubjectFull: Battery storage plants Type: general – SubjectFull: Frequencies of oscillating systems Type: general – SubjectFull: Synchronous capacitors Type: general – SubjectFull: Photovoltaic power generation Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Unified Stability Metrics for Grid-Support Technologies in a PV-Dominated IEEE 9-Bus Test System. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pather, Leeshen – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sarma, Rudiren IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 04 Text: Apr2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19961073 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 19 – Type: issue Value: 8 Titles: – TitleFull: Energies (19961073) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
