Bibliographic Details
| Title: |
轻量化高效激光破拆救援技术装备研发及探索 应用—矿山救援技术变革. |
| Alternate Title: |
Development and exploration application of lightweight and efficient laser demolition and rescue technology and equipment: change of mine rescue technology. |
| Authors: |
林中湘1,2,3,4 lzx226100@sina.com, 蔡国斌5 22120089018@stu.xust.edu.cn, 柏兴旺6, 康玉国1,2,3,4, 朱泽斌1,2,3,4 |
| Source: |
Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336). Apr2026, Vol. 54 Issue 4, p19-28. 10p. |
| Subject Terms: |
*Laser beam cutting, *Engineering equipment, *Laser damage, *Disaster relief, *Mine accidents, *Building demolition, *Decision making |
| Abstract (English): |
In the emergency rescue site where people are trapped and buried by disasters, it is an indispensable and important link to build a life channel "quickly, accurately and safely". Laser disassembly has the advantages of strong adaptability and high precision. In view of the problems that the existing laser disassembly equipment is difficult to apply in rescue due to its large weight, poor convenience and no basis for disassembly planning, this paper breaks through the technical bottlenecks of laser efficient synthesis, precise heat dissipation and component lightweight, and safe construction of disassembly and rescue channels, and develops 3 types of lightweight and efficient laser disassembly equipment such as 2 kW portable, 4 kW pushcart and 10 kW vehicle-mounted, and a set of laser disassembly and rescue auxiliary decision-making system. Among them, the average specific power of the laser optical / thermal module of the 3-type lightweight and efficient laser disassembly equipment is ≥120 W / kg, the continuous working time is ≥8 h under the ambient temperature < 45 °C, and the tracking and pointing accuracy and cutting accuracy are better than 1mm within 100 m. The 2 kW portable laser breaking equipment is composed of laser and tracking and pointing system, which is mainly suitable for the environment with visibility more than 150 m. The 4 kW trolley laser demolition equipment is composed of laser, tracking and aiming system and trolley, which is mainly suitable for demolition environment with visibility exceeding 300 meters. The 10 kW vehicle-borne laser demolition equipment is an integrated special equipment, which is composed of laser demolition equipment, crawler unmanned chassis, mechanical arm, power system, control system and so on. It is mainly suitable for the environment with visibility more than 450 meters. The laser-assisted decision-making system for demolition and rescue has the functions of flammable and explosive gas detection ( detection radius≥150 m, gas type≥8, volume fraction error≤ 0.001%), life-aware power-off protection ( time≤0.01 s), and establishment of the best demolition point. According to the on-site information, the best demolition point can be evaluated and determined from the perspective of demolition structure instability, demolition efficiency and safety. Taking the mine rescue shaft dredging operation scene as an example, typical obstacles such as anchor nets, steel plates, steel bars, and deposits such as concrete and bricks in the scene are selected as test objects to test the perforation and cutting performance of portable, trolley-type, and vehicle-mounted laser demolition equipment. The test results show that the technical equipment developed in this project is a useful supplement to the existing mine rescue demolition equipment and is expected to play a key role in mine disaster rescue. In the future, more materials will be used in the rescue site, such as the removal of dangerous objects, the construction of escape channels for high-rise buildings, the demolition of vehicles in traffic accidents, and the demolition of narrow spaces. The application adaptability test of more laser demolition equipment will be carried out in order to better serve more rescue sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Abstract (Chinese): |
在灾害造成人员被困被掩埋的应急救援现场, "快速、精准、安全"地构建生命通道是不可或 缺的重要环节。激光破拆具有适应性强和精度高等优势, 针对现有的激光破拆装备质量大、便捷性 差、破拆规划无依据等导致在救援中应用难度大的问题, 突破了激光高效合成、精准散热及部件轻 量化、破拆救援通道安全构建等技术瓶颈, 研制出 2 kW 便携式、4 kW 推车式、10 kW 车载式等 3 型轻量化高效激光破拆装备和 1 套激光破拆救援辅助决策系统。其中, 3 型轻量化高效激光破拆装 备的激光器光/热模块平均比功率≥120 W /kg, 环境温度<45 ℃ 下可连续工作时间≥8 h, 100 m 内跟 瞄准精度和切割精度优于 1 mm; 2 kW 便携式激光破拆装备由激光器和跟瞄准直系统组成, 主要适 用于能见度超过 150 m 的环境; 4 kW 推车式激光破拆装备由激光器、跟瞄准直系统、推车组成, 主 要适用于能见度超过 300 m 的破拆环境; 10 kW 车载式激光破拆装备为一体式集成特种装备, 由激 光破拆设备、履带式无人底盘、机械臂、动力系统、操控系统等组成, 主要适用于能见度超过 450 m 的环境。激光破拆救援辅助决策系统具有易燃易爆气体检测 (检测半径≥150 m, 气体种类≥8 种, 体 积分数误差≤0.001% ) 、生命感知断电防护 (时间≤0.01 s ) 、最佳破拆点位确立等功能, 可根据现场 信息从破拆构筑物失稳、破拆效率和安全性等角度, 评价并确定最佳的破拆点位。以矿山救援井筒 疏通作业场景为例, 选取该场景中典型的锚网、钢板、钢筋等障碍物以及混凝土、砖块等堆积物作 为测试对象, 分别测试便携式、推车式、车载式激光破拆设备的穿孔、切割性能。测试结果表明: 本项目所研发的技术装备是对现有矿山救援破拆装备的有益补充, 有望在矿山灾害救援中发挥关键 性作用。未来将面对危险物移除、高层建筑逃生通道构建、交通事故车辆破拆、狭小空间破拆等救 援现场更多材质的破拆对象, 开展更为丰富的激光破拆设备的应用适应性测试, 以期更好服务更多 救援现场。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Database: |
Energy & Power Source |
