Optimal Siting and Sizing of Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems Using Hippo Swarm Optimization for Profit Maximization in Distribution Networks.

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Title: Optimal Siting and Sizing of Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems Using Hippo Swarm Optimization for Profit Maximization in Distribution Networks.
Authors: Chinh, Nguyen Cong1 (AUTHOR) chinhnc@tlu.edu.vn, Minh Y, Nguyen1 (AUTHOR), Ponce-Silva, Mario1 (AUTHOR) mario.ps@cenidet.tecnm.mx
Source: International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems. 5/7/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-17. 17p.
Subject Terms: *Energy storage, *Profit maximization, *Optimization algorithms, *Solar energy, *Renewable energy sources, *Electric power distribution grids, *Wind power, *Mathematical optimization
Abstract: This study proposes an optimization framework based on the hippo swarm optimization (HSO) for determining the optimal location and capacity of energy storage systems (ESSs), solar power distributed generation units (SGUs), and wind power distributed generation units (WGUs) in the radial distribution grid, considering time‐varying power generation and consumption. The main purpose of this study is to maximize total profit by reducing total investment, operation, and maintenance (IOM) costs and increasing total power generation revenue for units in the long‐term project. The obtained solution indicates that, thanks to the penetration of units, the total profit from applying the introduced method reaches $7.4966 million over the 20‐year project life cycle and corresponds to a reduction in total grid operating costs of up to 36.1% compared to the initial network. This result outperforms four other methods, including improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), intelligent water drops (IWD), sunflower optimization (SFO), and salp swarm (SSA), on the same objective function and established constraints. In addition, the study also analyzes and demonstrates the technical benefits from the penetration of units such as decreasing line power loss by 76.12%, improving node voltage profile from the range [0.9092, 1.00 (pu)] to the range [0.9616, 1.0482 (pu)], and reducing the line current magnitude with the highest reduction of up to 33.09%, leading to reduced power congestion in distribution lines. These results demonstrate that the introduced method is sufficiently robust to tackle the optimization problem and achieve both economic and technical benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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An: 193599675
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Optimal Siting and Sizing of Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems Using Hippo Swarm Optimization for Profit Maximization in Distribution Networks.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chinh%2C+Nguyen+Cong%22">Chinh, Nguyen Cong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> chinhnc@tlu.edu.vn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Minh+Y%2C+Nguyen%22">Minh Y, Nguyen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ponce-Silva%2C+Mario%22">Ponce-Silva, Mario</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mario.ps@cenidet.tecnm.mx</i>
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Transactions+on+Electrical+Energy+Systems%22">International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems</searchLink>. 5/7/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-17. 17p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+storage%22">Energy storage</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Profit+maximization%22">Profit maximization</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optimization+algorithms%22">Optimization algorithms</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+energy%22">Solar energy</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Renewable+energy+sources%22">Renewable energy sources</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+power+distribution+grids%22">Electric power distribution grids</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wind+power%22">Wind power</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+optimization%22">Mathematical optimization</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study proposes an optimization framework based on the hippo swarm optimization (HSO) for determining the optimal location and capacity of energy storage systems (ESSs), solar power distributed generation units (SGUs), and wind power distributed generation units (WGUs) in the radial distribution grid, considering time‐varying power generation and consumption. The main purpose of this study is to maximize total profit by reducing total investment, operation, and maintenance (IOM) costs and increasing total power generation revenue for units in the long‐term project. The obtained solution indicates that, thanks to the penetration of units, the total profit from applying the introduced method reaches $7.4966 million over the 20‐year project life cycle and corresponds to a reduction in total grid operating costs of up to 36.1% compared to the initial network. This result outperforms four other methods, including improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), intelligent water drops (IWD), sunflower optimization (SFO), and salp swarm (SSA), on the same objective function and established constraints. In addition, the study also analyzes and demonstrates the technical benefits from the penetration of units such as decreasing line power loss by 76.12%, improving node voltage profile from the range [0.9092, 1.00 (pu)] to the range [0.9616, 1.0482 (pu)], and reducing the line current magnitude with the highest reduction of up to 33.09%, leading to reduced power congestion in distribution lines. These results demonstrate that the introduced method is sufficiently robust to tackle the optimization problem and achieve both economic and technical benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1155/etep/7427325
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Energy storage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Profit maximization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Optimization algorithms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar energy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Renewable energy sources
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric power distribution grids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wind power
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical optimization
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Optimal Siting and Sizing of Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems Using Hippo Swarm Optimization for Profit Maximization in Distribution Networks.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Chinh, Nguyen Cong
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          Name:
            NameFull: Minh Y, Nguyen
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Ponce-Silva, Mario
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          Dates:
            – D: 07
              M: 05
              Text: 5/7/2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 20507038
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            – Type: volume
              Value: 2026
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems
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