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Re-Thinking the Design of Closed-Loop Cooling Stations to Mitigate Fouling.

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Title: Re-Thinking the Design of Closed-Loop Cooling Stations to Mitigate Fouling.
Authors: Kockum, Henrik1 (AUTHOR) henrik.kockum@alfalaval.com
Source: Heat Transfer Engineering. 2026, Vol. 47 Issue 11/12, p1067-1075. 9p.
Subject Terms: *Heat exchanger fouling, *Heat exchangers, *Cooling systems, *Maintenance costs, *Operating costs
Abstract: Parallel heat exchangers in closed-loop cooling stations are typically designed identical. Such a design strategy has some benefits such as simplified design and construction, as well as the possibility to cannibalize spare parts. In some applications, such as datacenter or district cooling, the required cooling capacity is time-dependent, e.g., over the day or season. Hence, the station will recurringly operate at part load with lower-than-design flow rates. Part load is often met by reducing the number of heat exchangers in service but the difference to design velocity may still be large. This increases the rate of fouling on the cold side of the station. If instead the cooling station is designed with non-equal heat exchanger capacities, there will be more station capacities to access when following a varying cooling requirement, thus increasing the possibility to operate close to design velocity, limiting the rate of fouling. This numerical study shows that such a design approach may reduce cleaning cost by up to 40%, and a combined cleaning and pumping cost due to fouling with 15%–20%. Designing the heat exchangers of a cooling station with different capacities only requires a new way of thinking for the heat exchanger provider and should thus be possible to offer today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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  Availability: 1
Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 193623329
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Re-Thinking the Design of Closed-Loop Cooling Stations to Mitigate Fouling.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kockum%2C+Henrik%22">Kockum, Henrik</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> henrik.kockum@alfalaval.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Heat+Transfer+Engineering%22">Heat Transfer Engineering</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 47 Issue 11/12, p1067-1075. 9p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+exchanger+fouling%22">Heat exchanger fouling</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+exchangers%22">Heat exchangers</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cooling+systems%22">Cooling systems</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Maintenance+costs%22">Maintenance costs</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Operating+costs%22">Operating costs</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Parallel heat exchangers in closed-loop cooling stations are typically designed identical. Such a design strategy has some benefits such as simplified design and construction, as well as the possibility to cannibalize spare parts. In some applications, such as datacenter or district cooling, the required cooling capacity is time-dependent, e.g., over the day or season. Hence, the station will recurringly operate at part load with lower-than-design flow rates. Part load is often met by reducing the number of heat exchangers in service but the difference to design velocity may still be large. This increases the rate of fouling on the cold side of the station. If instead the cooling station is designed with non-equal heat exchanger capacities, there will be more station capacities to access when following a varying cooling requirement, thus increasing the possibility to operate close to design velocity, limiting the rate of fouling. This numerical study shows that such a design approach may reduce cleaning cost by up to 40%, and a combined cleaning and pumping cost due to fouling with 15%–20%. Designing the heat exchangers of a cooling station with different capacities only requires a new way of thinking for the heat exchanger provider and should thus be possible to offer today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/01457632.2025.2502219
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 1067
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Heat exchanger fouling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat exchangers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cooling systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Maintenance costs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Operating costs
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Re-Thinking the Design of Closed-Loop Cooling Stations to Mitigate Fouling.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Kockum, Henrik
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 01457632
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              Value: 47
            – Type: issue
              Value: 11/12
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Heat Transfer Engineering
              Type: main
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