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Multi-Scale Assessment of Transformer Inrush Suppression by Pre-Magnetization Based on Clarke–Wavelet Energy Spectrum.

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Title: Multi-Scale Assessment of Transformer Inrush Suppression by Pre-Magnetization Based on Clarke–Wavelet Energy Spectrum.
Authors: Li, Chenlei1 (AUTHOR), He, Junchi2 (AUTHOR), He, Shoujiang2,3 (AUTHOR), Gu, Shaofan2,4 (AUTHOR), Ma, Chenhao1,3 (AUTHOR), Gu, Xianglong2,3 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Xiaozhen3,4 (AUTHOR) xzzhao@hebut.edu.cn
Source: Energies (19961073). May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p2070. 15p.
Subject Terms: *Magnetization, *Wavelets (Mathematics), *Electric power system protection, *Electric power transmission, *Electric currents, *Simulation methods & models, *Transient analysis
Abstract: Transformers serve as crucial hubs for power transmission, but during no-load energization, the nonlinear magnetization of their cores frequently induces extreme magnetizing inrush currents. Current suppression methods encounter challenges regarding transient feature extraction and excessive circuit complexity. To overcome these limitations, this study develops a high-fidelity model of a 100 kVA transformer using MATLAB/Simulink to investigate the interaction between residual flux and the closing angle. Extensive simulations were executed across a closing phase angle range of 0° to 360° and a residual flux domain of −0.8 p.u. to 0.8 p.u. Furthermore, this study utilizes Wavelet and Clarke transforms to extract characteristic parameters and quantitatively analyze the transients within the energy domain, enabling a multi-scale assessment of the mitigation efficacy based on these extracted features. The analytical results demonstrate that an optimal pre-magnetization distribution of −0.8 p.u. for Phase A, 0 p.u. for Phase B, and 0.8 p.u. for Phase C, coupled with a target closing angle of 330°, achieves the best suppression. This strategy strictly clamps the peak inrush current to 1.5 times the rated current, significantly outperforming conventional demagnetization alone. Consequently, this highly pronounced mitigation effect provides robust support for reliable transformer protection and overall power grid security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 193715966
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Multi-Scale Assessment of Transformer Inrush Suppression by Pre-Magnetization Based on Clarke–Wavelet Energy Spectrum.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Chenlei%22">Li, Chenlei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22He%2C+Junchi%22">He, Junchi</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22He%2C+Shoujiang%22">He, Shoujiang</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gu%2C+Shaofan%22">Gu, Shaofan</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ma%2C+Chenhao%22">Ma, Chenhao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gu%2C+Xianglong%22">Gu, Xianglong</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Xiaozhen%22">Zhao, Xiaozhen</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xzzhao@hebut.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p2070. 15p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetization%22">Magnetization</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wavelets+%28Mathematics%29%22">Wavelets (Mathematics)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+power+system+protection%22">Electric power system protection</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+power+transmission%22">Electric power transmission</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+currents%22">Electric currents</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Simulation+methods+%26+models%22">Simulation methods & models</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transient+analysis%22">Transient analysis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Transformers serve as crucial hubs for power transmission, but during no-load energization, the nonlinear magnetization of their cores frequently induces extreme magnetizing inrush currents. Current suppression methods encounter challenges regarding transient feature extraction and excessive circuit complexity. To overcome these limitations, this study develops a high-fidelity model of a 100 kVA transformer using MATLAB/Simulink to investigate the interaction between residual flux and the closing angle. Extensive simulations were executed across a closing phase angle range of 0° to 360° and a residual flux domain of −0.8 p.u. to 0.8 p.u. Furthermore, this study utilizes Wavelet and Clarke transforms to extract characteristic parameters and quantitatively analyze the transients within the energy domain, enabling a multi-scale assessment of the mitigation efficacy based on these extracted features. The analytical results demonstrate that an optimal pre-magnetization distribution of −0.8 p.u. for Phase A, 0 p.u. for Phase B, and 0.8 p.u. for Phase C, coupled with a target closing angle of 330°, achieves the best suppression. This strategy strictly clamps the peak inrush current to 1.5 times the rated current, significantly outperforming conventional demagnetization alone. Consequently, this highly pronounced mitigation effect provides robust support for reliable transformer protection and overall power grid security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19092070
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 2070
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Magnetization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wavelets (Mathematics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric power system protection
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric power transmission
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric currents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Simulation methods & models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transient analysis
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Multi-Scale Assessment of Transformer Inrush Suppression by Pre-Magnetization Based on Clarke–Wavelet Energy Spectrum.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Li, Chenlei
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          Name:
            NameFull: He, Junchi
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            NameFull: He, Shoujiang
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            NameFull: Gu, Shaofan
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            NameFull: Ma, Chenhao
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            NameFull: Gu, Xianglong
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            NameFull: Zhao, Xiaozhen
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 19961073
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            – Type: volume
              Value: 19
            – Type: issue
              Value: 9
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
              Type: main
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