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Optimal Reactive Power Compensation in Offshore HVAC Transmission: Evaluating Onshore and Subsea Reactor Placement.

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Title: Optimal Reactive Power Compensation in Offshore HVAC Transmission: Evaluating Onshore and Subsea Reactor Placement.
Authors: Passos, Frederico Oliveira1 (AUTHOR) fredericopassos@unifei.edu.br, da Motta, Lúcio José1,2 (AUTHOR), Campos, Gabriel Victor dos S. C.1 (AUTHOR), Venâncio, Lucas Henrique1,2 (AUTHOR), de Faria, Ivan Paulo1 (AUTHOR), Marinho, José Mauro T.2 (AUTHOR), Silva, Vinicius Z.2 (AUTHOR), Cavaliere, Carlos A. C.2 (AUTHOR), da Rosa, Rodrigo de Moraes P.2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p2085. 34p.
Subject Terms: *Reactive power control, *Electric power transmission, *High-voltage direct current transmission, *Electric lines
Abstract: The electrification of floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) units has emerged as a strategic solution to meet the growing demand for increased oil production while reducing carbon emissions associated with onboard gas turbine generation. Power-from-shore (PFS) systems represent a promising approach to achieving this goal, with transmission technologies based on high-voltage direct current (HVDC) and high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) solutions. Although HVDC is more suitable for long-distance and high-power applications, HVAC systems offer advantages in terms of robustness, simplicity, and operational maturity. Nevertheless, the reactive power compensation requirements arising from the high capacitance of submarine cables remain a major technical challenge. This study investigates and compares several reactive power compensation topologies applied to three distinct PFS systems. The proposed methodology enables a comprehensive evaluation of both onshore and subsea reactor placement strategies under technically and technologically feasible conditions. The results demonstrate that long-distance transmission of 75 MW over 250 km was achieved exclusively through subsea compensation configurations, which maintained efficiencies above 90% and voltage and current profiles within operational limits. Conversely, onshore-only compensation proved to be the most efficient solution for shorter transmission distances. The results demonstrate that the full electrification of an FPSO is technically feasible, with voltage and current profiles remaining within acceptable operational limits. The findings also indicate that mid-cable reactor placement (at 50%) is not the most effective configuration, with superior results observed for placements at 20–80% and 40–70% of the cable length. Overall, the outcomes confirm that subsea reactor placement enables higher power transfer over longer distances, significantly extending the technical boundaries traditionally separating HVDC and HVAC solutions. These results emphasize the need for continued technological development to make subsea shunt reactor installation a viable and reliable option for future FPSO electrification projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 193715981
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Optimal Reactive Power Compensation in Offshore HVAC Transmission: Evaluating Onshore and Subsea Reactor Placement.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Passos%2C+Frederico+Oliveira%22">Passos, Frederico Oliveira</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> fredericopassos@unifei.edu.br</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22da+Motta%2C+Lúcio+José%22">da Motta, Lúcio José</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Campos%2C+Gabriel+Victor+dos+S%2E+C%2E%22">Campos, Gabriel Victor dos S. C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Venâncio%2C+Lucas+Henrique%22">Venâncio, Lucas Henrique</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+Faria%2C+Ivan+Paulo%22">de Faria, Ivan Paulo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marinho%2C+José+Mauro+T%2E%22">Marinho, José Mauro T.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Silva%2C+Vinicius+Z%2E%22">Silva, Vinicius Z.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cavaliere%2C+Carlos+A%2E+C%2E%22">Cavaliere, Carlos A. C.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22da+Rosa%2C+Rodrigo+de+Moraes+P%2E%22">da Rosa, Rodrigo de Moraes P.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p2085. 34p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reactive+power+control%22">Reactive power control</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+power+transmission%22">Electric power transmission</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High-voltage+direct+current+transmission%22">High-voltage direct current transmission</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+lines%22">Electric lines</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The electrification of floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) units has emerged as a strategic solution to meet the growing demand for increased oil production while reducing carbon emissions associated with onboard gas turbine generation. Power-from-shore (PFS) systems represent a promising approach to achieving this goal, with transmission technologies based on high-voltage direct current (HVDC) and high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) solutions. Although HVDC is more suitable for long-distance and high-power applications, HVAC systems offer advantages in terms of robustness, simplicity, and operational maturity. Nevertheless, the reactive power compensation requirements arising from the high capacitance of submarine cables remain a major technical challenge. This study investigates and compares several reactive power compensation topologies applied to three distinct PFS systems. The proposed methodology enables a comprehensive evaluation of both onshore and subsea reactor placement strategies under technically and technologically feasible conditions. The results demonstrate that long-distance transmission of 75 MW over 250 km was achieved exclusively through subsea compensation configurations, which maintained efficiencies above 90% and voltage and current profiles within operational limits. Conversely, onshore-only compensation proved to be the most efficient solution for shorter transmission distances. The results demonstrate that the full electrification of an FPSO is technically feasible, with voltage and current profiles remaining within acceptable operational limits. The findings also indicate that mid-cable reactor placement (at 50%) is not the most effective configuration, with superior results observed for placements at 20–80% and 40–70% of the cable length. Overall, the outcomes confirm that subsea reactor placement enables higher power transfer over longer distances, significantly extending the technical boundaries traditionally separating HVDC and HVAC solutions. These results emphasize the need for continued technological development to make subsea shunt reactor installation a viable and reliable option for future FPSO electrification projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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        Value: 10.3390/en19092085
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 34
        StartPage: 2085
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Reactive power control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric power transmission
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: High-voltage direct current transmission
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric lines
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Optimal Reactive Power Compensation in Offshore HVAC Transmission: Evaluating Onshore and Subsea Reactor Placement.
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            NameFull: Passos, Frederico Oliveira
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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