Coordinated Configuration Model of Grid-Forming Energy Storage and Synchronous Condenser for New Energy Base Considering Transient Stability Constraints.

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Title: Coordinated Configuration Model of Grid-Forming Energy Storage and Synchronous Condenser for New Energy Base Considering Transient Stability Constraints.
Authors: Gu, Wenbo1 (AUTHOR) guwenbo206@126.com, Li, Xutao1,2 (AUTHOR), Li, Hongqiang1 (AUTHOR), Zhou, Lei1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Wenchao2 (AUTHOR), Huang, Minghui2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p2148. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Dynamic stability, *Inertia (Mechanics), *Frequency standards, *Grid energy storage, *Synchronous capacitors, *Cost functions
Abstract: This study proposes a coordinated allocation model for grid-forming energy storage and synchronous condensers considering transient stability constraints, with the following key aims: mitigate the continuous degradation of power systems' capability to withstand inertia and the severe threats to dynamic rotor angle stability and frequency, while integrating renewable energy-centered frameworks using wind and photovoltaic power, and guarantee the secure and stable operation of transmitting power grids containing such bases. First, based on a virtual synchronous inertia quantification model of grid-forming energy storage and grid-forming wind and PV equipment, the inertia support capability of the renewable energy base is investigated. Subsequently, the impact of grid-forming equipment integration on transient rotor angle stability and frequency is studied, and a model of rotor angle stability and frequency constraints for the renewable energy base is established. Considering conditions such as investment cost constraints, transmission power constraints, and rotor angle stability and frequency constraints, a coordinated allocation model of grid-forming energy storage and synchronous condensers is formulated and solved to minimize the overall cost. Finally, the simulation verification results show that, compared with the configuration models that consider only the synchronous condenser or only the grid-forming energy storage, the proposed model reduces the comprehensive cost of the renewable energy base by 11.9% and 8.74%, respectively, reduces the minimized value of the power angle stability index by 80.95% and 78.95%, respectively, and meets the synchronous inertia demand of the renewable energy base throughout the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 193716044
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Coordinated Configuration Model of Grid-Forming Energy Storage and Synchronous Condenser for New Energy Base Considering Transient Stability Constraints.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gu%2C+Wenbo%22">Gu, Wenbo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> guwenbo206@126.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Xutao%22">Li, Xutao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Hongqiang%22">Li, Hongqiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhou%2C+Lei%22">Zhou, Lei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Wenchao%22">Zhang, Wenchao</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Minghui%22">Huang, Minghui</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p2148. 16p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dynamic+stability%22">Dynamic stability</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inertia+%28Mechanics%29%22">Inertia (Mechanics)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Frequency+standards%22">Frequency standards</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grid+energy+storage%22">Grid energy storage</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Synchronous+capacitors%22">Synchronous capacitors</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cost+functions%22">Cost functions</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study proposes a coordinated allocation model for grid-forming energy storage and synchronous condensers considering transient stability constraints, with the following key aims: mitigate the continuous degradation of power systems' capability to withstand inertia and the severe threats to dynamic rotor angle stability and frequency, while integrating renewable energy-centered frameworks using wind and photovoltaic power, and guarantee the secure and stable operation of transmitting power grids containing such bases. First, based on a virtual synchronous inertia quantification model of grid-forming energy storage and grid-forming wind and PV equipment, the inertia support capability of the renewable energy base is investigated. Subsequently, the impact of grid-forming equipment integration on transient rotor angle stability and frequency is studied, and a model of rotor angle stability and frequency constraints for the renewable energy base is established. Considering conditions such as investment cost constraints, transmission power constraints, and rotor angle stability and frequency constraints, a coordinated allocation model of grid-forming energy storage and synchronous condensers is formulated and solved to minimize the overall cost. Finally, the simulation verification results show that, compared with the configuration models that consider only the synchronous condenser or only the grid-forming energy storage, the proposed model reduces the comprehensive cost of the renewable energy base by 11.9% and 8.74%, respectively, reduces the minimized value of the power angle stability index by 80.95% and 78.95%, respectively, and meets the synchronous inertia demand of the renewable energy base throughout the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19092148
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 2148
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Dynamic stability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Inertia (Mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Frequency standards
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grid energy storage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Synchronous capacitors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cost functions
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Coordinated Configuration Model of Grid-Forming Energy Storage and Synchronous Condenser for New Energy Base Considering Transient Stability Constraints.
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            NameFull: Gu, Wenbo
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            NameFull: Li, Xutao
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            NameFull: Li, Hongqiang
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            NameFull: Zhou, Lei
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            NameFull: Zhang, Wenchao
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            NameFull: Huang, Minghui
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 9
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            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
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