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A Hybrid Heuristic–Benders Method for Wind–Hydrogen Investment Planning with Non-Analytical Cost Functions.

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Title: A Hybrid Heuristic–Benders Method for Wind–Hydrogen Investment Planning with Non-Analytical Cost Functions.
Authors: Xiong, Haozhe1 (AUTHOR), Feng, Bingyang1,2 (AUTHOR), Yan, Fangbin1 (AUTHOR), Kang, Yiqun1,2 (AUTHOR), Hu, Yuxuan1 (AUTHOR), Li, Qiangsheng2 (AUTHOR), Tan, Qinyue2 (AUTHOR) qinyuetan@nwsuaf.edu.cn
Source: Energies (19961073). May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p2172. 23p.
Subject Terms: *Hydrogen storage, *Heuristic algorithms, *Stochastic programming, *Energy infrastructure, *Wind power, *Cost functions, *Investment policy
Abstract: This paper studies capacity planning for a wind–hydrogen integrated energy system under scenario-based uncertainty in wind generation, hydrogen demand, and electricity prices. The model is formulated as a two-stage stochastic program in which first-stage investment decisions are selected before uncertainty is realized and second-stage hourly operation is optimized for each representative scenario. The main methodological difficulty is that part of the first-stage hydrogen-storage investment cost may be available only through a non-analytical evaluator, such as supplier quotation logic, simulation software, or a data-driven estimator, while the operational recourse model remains linear. To address this setting, a hybrid heuristic–Benders framework, denoted as GSOA-Benders, is developed by coupling the General-Soldiers Optimization Algorithm for derivative-free first-stage search with Benders cuts generated from linear programming subproblems. The framework is not presented as a replacement for commercial solvers on explicit convex or mixed-integer models; rather, it is intended for cases where exact algebraic reformulation of the first-stage cost is unreliable or unavailable. In the black-box case study with 500 scenarios, the method converges in 35.86 s and obtains an investment plan expressed as x = [ 1 , 0.53 , 23.23 , 0 ] , corresponding to wind-farm construction, a 0.53 MW electrolyzer, a 23.23 MWh hydrogen tank, and no fuel-cell investment. Additional discussion is provided on stability-gap interpretation, benchmark limitations, component lifetime assumptions, hydrogen losses, and environmental extensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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An: 193716068
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: A Hybrid Heuristic–Benders Method for Wind–Hydrogen Investment Planning with Non-Analytical Cost Functions.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xiong%2C+Haozhe%22">Xiong, Haozhe</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Feng%2C+Bingyang%22">Feng, Bingyang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yan%2C+Fangbin%22">Yan, Fangbin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kang%2C+Yiqun%22">Kang, Yiqun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+Yuxuan%22">Hu, Yuxuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Qiangsheng%22">Li, Qiangsheng</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tan%2C+Qinyue%22">Tan, Qinyue</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> qinyuetan@nwsuaf.edu.cn</i>
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  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p2172. 23p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrogen+storage%22">Hydrogen storage</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heuristic+algorithms%22">Heuristic algorithms</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stochastic+programming%22">Stochastic programming</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+infrastructure%22">Energy infrastructure</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wind+power%22">Wind power</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cost+functions%22">Cost functions</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Investment+policy%22">Investment policy</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This paper studies capacity planning for a wind–hydrogen integrated energy system under scenario-based uncertainty in wind generation, hydrogen demand, and electricity prices. The model is formulated as a two-stage stochastic program in which first-stage investment decisions are selected before uncertainty is realized and second-stage hourly operation is optimized for each representative scenario. The main methodological difficulty is that part of the first-stage hydrogen-storage investment cost may be available only through a non-analytical evaluator, such as supplier quotation logic, simulation software, or a data-driven estimator, while the operational recourse model remains linear. To address this setting, a hybrid heuristic–Benders framework, denoted as GSOA-Benders, is developed by coupling the General-Soldiers Optimization Algorithm for derivative-free first-stage search with Benders cuts generated from linear programming subproblems. The framework is not presented as a replacement for commercial solvers on explicit convex or mixed-integer models; rather, it is intended for cases where exact algebraic reformulation of the first-stage cost is unreliable or unavailable. In the black-box case study with 500 scenarios, the method converges in 35.86 s and obtains an investment plan expressed as x = [ 1 , 0.53 , 23.23 , 0 ] , corresponding to wind-farm construction, a 0.53 MW electrolyzer, a 23.23 MWh hydrogen tank, and no fuel-cell investment. Additional discussion is provided on stability-gap interpretation, benchmark limitations, component lifetime assumptions, hydrogen losses, and environmental extensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19092172
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 23
        StartPage: 2172
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogen storage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heuristic algorithms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stochastic programming
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy infrastructure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wind power
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cost functions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Investment policy
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A Hybrid Heuristic–Benders Method for Wind–Hydrogen Investment Planning with Non-Analytical Cost Functions.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Xiong, Haozhe
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          Name:
            NameFull: Feng, Bingyang
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            NameFull: Yan, Fangbin
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            NameFull: Kang, Yiqun
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            NameFull: Hu, Yuxuan
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            NameFull: Li, Qiangsheng
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            NameFull: Tan, Qinyue
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 19961073
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              Value: 19
            – Type: issue
              Value: 9
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
              Type: main
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