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The Evolution of Reliability Analysis for Power Protection and Control Systems.

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Title: The Evolution of Reliability Analysis for Power Protection and Control Systems.
Authors: Wang, Xiang1,2 (AUTHOR) wangxiang@nrec.com, Zhao, Jianfeng1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p2182. 26p.
Subject Terms: *Dynamic models, *Fault trees (Reliability engineering), *Protective relays, *Data analysis, *Empirical research, *Smart power grids, *Engineering reliability theory, *Feedback control systems
Abstract: With the advancement of new-type power systems and smart grids, the structure of power protection and control systems has become increasingly complex, and their reliability exhibits dynamic evolution, multi-factor coupling, and full life cycle characteristics. Against this background, this paper presents a review of the evolution of reliability analysis methods for power protection and control systems. Early research has focused on parametric modeling based on statistical data and structural logic combination analysis, establishing a static reliability analysis framework grounded in the relationship between component failure probability and system structure. Subsequently, to characterize temporal process features such as state transitions, fault dependencies, and maintenance recovery, dynamic modeling methods such as state-space models and dynamic fault trees were developed and applied. In recent years, with the continuous accumulation of full life cycle operational data, multi-source information fusion and data-driven technologies have gradually been introduced into reliability research, promoting the expansion of the analysis framework from stage-based evaluation to full-process evolutionary modeling. On this basis, the modeling concepts, applicable scenarios, and inherent limitations of different methods are summarized and compared. Furthermore, the development trend of an integrated reliability analysis system that deeply combines mechanism models with data-driven methods is discussed, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for the improvement of reliability analysis systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 193716078
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: The Evolution of Reliability Analysis for Power Protection and Control Systems.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Xiang%22">Wang, Xiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> wangxiang@nrec.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Jianfeng%22">Zhao, Jianfeng</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p2182. 26p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dynamic+models%22">Dynamic models</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fault+trees+%28Reliability+engineering%29%22">Fault trees (Reliability engineering)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Protective+relays%22">Protective relays</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Empirical+research%22">Empirical research</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Smart+power+grids%22">Smart power grids</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Engineering+reliability+theory%22">Engineering reliability theory</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Feedback+control+systems%22">Feedback control systems</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: With the advancement of new-type power systems and smart grids, the structure of power protection and control systems has become increasingly complex, and their reliability exhibits dynamic evolution, multi-factor coupling, and full life cycle characteristics. Against this background, this paper presents a review of the evolution of reliability analysis methods for power protection and control systems. Early research has focused on parametric modeling based on statistical data and structural logic combination analysis, establishing a static reliability analysis framework grounded in the relationship between component failure probability and system structure. Subsequently, to characterize temporal process features such as state transitions, fault dependencies, and maintenance recovery, dynamic modeling methods such as state-space models and dynamic fault trees were developed and applied. In recent years, with the continuous accumulation of full life cycle operational data, multi-source information fusion and data-driven technologies have gradually been introduced into reliability research, promoting the expansion of the analysis framework from stage-based evaluation to full-process evolutionary modeling. On this basis, the modeling concepts, applicable scenarios, and inherent limitations of different methods are summarized and compared. Furthermore, the development trend of an integrated reliability analysis system that deeply combines mechanism models with data-driven methods is discussed, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for the improvement of reliability analysis systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=193716078
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19092182
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 26
        StartPage: 2182
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Dynamic models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fault trees (Reliability engineering)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Protective relays
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Empirical research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Smart power grids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Engineering reliability theory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Feedback control systems
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: The Evolution of Reliability Analysis for Power Protection and Control Systems.
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            NameFull: Wang, Xiang
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            NameFull: Zhao, Jianfeng
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 19961073
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            – Type: volume
              Value: 19
            – Type: issue
              Value: 9
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
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