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Carbon nanostructures-based transformer oil nanofluids as coolants with enhanced performance.

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Title: Carbon nanostructures-based transformer oil nanofluids as coolants with enhanced performance.
Authors: Shanbedi, Mehdi1 (AUTHOR) mehdi.shanbedi@stu-mail.um.ac.ir, Dashtbozorg, Amirhosein1,2 (AUTHOR), Karimi, Hamed3 (AUTHOR), Rovesi, Reza3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Dispersion Science & Technology. 2026, Vol. 47 Issue 7, p1357-1365. 9p.
Subject Terms: *Nanofluids, *Carbon nanomaterials, *Thermal conductivity, *Multiwalled carbon nanotubes, *Graphene, *Heat transfer, *Insulating oils, *Dielectric breakdown
Abstract: Transformer oil (TO) is a highly pure oil that has high durability at high temperatures and is a superior electrical insulator. TO is utilized as insulation and coolant. One of the common problems of TO is overheating, especially in warm seasons, which reduces the efficiency of the transformer, power outages, etc. In this research, heat transfer coefficient, dimensionless numbers, dielectric breakdown voltage, and physical properties of nanofluids were investigated to improve the efficiency of the transformer by adding nanofluids, including graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to TO. The results showed that the natural convective heat transfer coefficient (NHTC) of 0.005%wt GNP/TO increased 8.6% and 12.8% compared to pure TO and 0.005%wt MWCNT/TO, respectively. Besides, the forced convective heat transfer coefficient (FHTC) of 0.005%wt GNP/TO enhanced by 8.3% and 9.0% compared to pure TO and 0.005%wt MWCNT/TO, respectively. Dielectric breakdown voltage in GNP/TO and MWCNT/TO nanofluids decreased compared to pure TO due to free electrons. The density of TO also increased by adding GNP and MWCNT. The thermal conductivity of GNP/TO nanofluid was also higher than pure oil and MWCNT/TO and increased by rising temperature, while the thermal conductivity of natural transformer oil was reduced by raising the temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 193754420
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Carbon nanostructures-based transformer oil nanofluids as coolants with enhanced performance.
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shanbedi%2C+Mehdi%22">Shanbedi, Mehdi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mehdi.shanbedi@stu-mail.um.ac.ir</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dashtbozorg%2C+Amirhosein%22">Dashtbozorg, Amirhosein</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karimi%2C+Hamed%22">Karimi, Hamed</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rovesi%2C+Reza%22">Rovesi, Reza</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Dispersion+Science+%26+Technology%22">Journal of Dispersion Science & Technology</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 47 Issue 7, p1357-1365. 9p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanofluids%22">Nanofluids</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+nanomaterials%22">Carbon nanomaterials</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+conductivity%22">Thermal conductivity</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiwalled+carbon+nanotubes%22">Multiwalled carbon nanotubes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graphene%22">Graphene</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+transfer%22">Heat transfer</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Insulating+oils%22">Insulating oils</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dielectric+breakdown%22">Dielectric breakdown</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Transformer oil (TO) is a highly pure oil that has high durability at high temperatures and is a superior electrical insulator. TO is utilized as insulation and coolant. One of the common problems of TO is overheating, especially in warm seasons, which reduces the efficiency of the transformer, power outages, etc. In this research, heat transfer coefficient, dimensionless numbers, dielectric breakdown voltage, and physical properties of nanofluids were investigated to improve the efficiency of the transformer by adding nanofluids, including graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to TO. The results showed that the natural convective heat transfer coefficient (NHTC) of 0.005%wt GNP/TO increased 8.6% and 12.8% compared to pure TO and 0.005%wt MWCNT/TO, respectively. Besides, the forced convective heat transfer coefficient (FHTC) of 0.005%wt GNP/TO enhanced by 8.3% and 9.0% compared to pure TO and 0.005%wt MWCNT/TO, respectively. Dielectric breakdown voltage in GNP/TO and MWCNT/TO nanofluids decreased compared to pure TO due to free electrons. The density of TO also increased by adding GNP and MWCNT. The thermal conductivity of GNP/TO nanofluid was also higher than pure oil and MWCNT/TO and increased by rising temperature, while the thermal conductivity of natural transformer oil was reduced by raising the temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/01932691.2024.2440438
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 1357
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Nanofluids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon nanomaterials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermal conductivity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Graphene
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat transfer
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Insulating oils
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dielectric breakdown
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Carbon nanostructures-based transformer oil nanofluids as coolants with enhanced performance.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Shanbedi, Mehdi
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            NameFull: Dashtbozorg, Amirhosein
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Karimi, Hamed
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          Name:
            NameFull: Rovesi, Reza
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 01932691
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              Value: 47
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              Value: 7
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Dispersion Science & Technology
              Type: main
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