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Multiscale Characterization and Modeling of Damage Evolution in Soft Clay–Concrete Interface.

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Title: Multiscale Characterization and Modeling of Damage Evolution in Soft Clay–Concrete Interface.
Authors: Lei, Huayang1 (AUTHOR) huayanglei@tju.edu.cn, Tang, Xin2 (AUTHOR) tx2023@tju.edu.cn, Xu, Yinggang2 (AUTHOR) xuyinggang@tju.edu.cn, Cao, Xiaolei2 (AUTHOR) 15713896049@163.com, Zhan, Chirun2 (AUTHOR) zcr0729@tju.edu.cn
Source: International Journal of Geomechanics. Jul2026, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p1-16. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Particle image velocimetry, *Interfacial roughness, *Underground construction, *Deterioration of materials, *Shearing force, *Mechanical models, *Soil cohesion, *Interfaces (Physical sciences)
Abstract: During underground construction in soft clay areas, the interaction mechanism and deformation characteristics at the soft clay–concrete interface significantly influence the stratum stability and structure performance. The aim of this study is to systematically investigate the macro (global shear stress and vertical displacement variation) and meso (localized movement of soil particles) action mechanisms of the interface. An improved large-scale interface shear apparatus was used to perform direct shear tests under varying shear rates, moisture contents, interface roughness levels, and normal stresses. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to capture the real-time movement of clay particles at the interface during shearing, enabling quantitative analysis of the evolution of the horizontal displacement field and shear band formation. Experimental results revealed an inverse correlation between shear rate/moisture content and the development of both shear stress and cumulative vertical strain. Interface roughness emerged as the dominant factor controlling the macroscopic shear behavior, manifesting through two coupled effects. First, higher roughness led to an increase in the peak shear stress. Second, it also exacerbated the postpeak softening behavior of the interface. A multiscale constitutive model integrating interface damage theory successfully captured the evolution of shear stress along the soft clay–concrete interface. The PIV analysis revealed a strong correlation between clay particle motion and macroscopic interface behavior during shearing. The interface exhibited distinct damage degrees across vertical positions and shear stages. Notably, critical shear-induced parameters including slip ratio and average horizontal displacement reached maximum values at shear displacements of u = 3–6 mm, coinciding with elastoplasticity. The research results establish a theoretical foundation for characterizing damage evolution processes at clay–structure interfaces in shield tunneling, excavation support, and pile–soil interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 193805095
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Multiscale Characterization and Modeling of Damage Evolution in Soft Clay–Concrete Interface.
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  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lei%2C+Huayang%22">Lei, Huayang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> huayanglei@tju.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tang%2C+Xin%22">Tang, Xin</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> tx2023@tju.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Yinggang%22">Xu, Yinggang</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xuyinggang@tju.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cao%2C+Xiaolei%22">Cao, Xiaolei</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 15713896049@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhan%2C+Chirun%22">Zhan, Chirun</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zcr0729@tju.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Geomechanics%22">International Journal of Geomechanics</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p1-16. 16p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+image+velocimetry%22">Particle image velocimetry</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interfacial+roughness%22">Interfacial roughness</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Underground+construction%22">Underground construction</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deterioration+of+materials%22">Deterioration of materials</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shearing+force%22">Shearing force</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+models%22">Mechanical models</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+cohesion%22">Soil cohesion</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interfaces+%28Physical+sciences%29%22">Interfaces (Physical sciences)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: During underground construction in soft clay areas, the interaction mechanism and deformation characteristics at the soft clay–concrete interface significantly influence the stratum stability and structure performance. The aim of this study is to systematically investigate the macro (global shear stress and vertical displacement variation) and meso (localized movement of soil particles) action mechanisms of the interface. An improved large-scale interface shear apparatus was used to perform direct shear tests under varying shear rates, moisture contents, interface roughness levels, and normal stresses. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to capture the real-time movement of clay particles at the interface during shearing, enabling quantitative analysis of the evolution of the horizontal displacement field and shear band formation. Experimental results revealed an inverse correlation between shear rate/moisture content and the development of both shear stress and cumulative vertical strain. Interface roughness emerged as the dominant factor controlling the macroscopic shear behavior, manifesting through two coupled effects. First, higher roughness led to an increase in the peak shear stress. Second, it also exacerbated the postpeak softening behavior of the interface. A multiscale constitutive model integrating interface damage theory successfully captured the evolution of shear stress along the soft clay–concrete interface. The PIV analysis revealed a strong correlation between clay particle motion and macroscopic interface behavior during shearing. The interface exhibited distinct damage degrees across vertical positions and shear stages. Notably, critical shear-induced parameters including slip ratio and average horizontal displacement reached maximum values at shear displacements of u = 3–6 mm, coinciding with elastoplasticity. The research results establish a theoretical foundation for characterizing damage evolution processes at clay–structure interfaces in shield tunneling, excavation support, and pile–soil interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1061/IJGNAI.GMENG-13487
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Particle image velocimetry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interfacial roughness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Underground construction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deterioration of materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Shearing force
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil cohesion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interfaces (Physical sciences)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Multiscale Characterization and Modeling of Damage Evolution in Soft Clay–Concrete Interface.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Lei, Huayang
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Tang, Xin
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Xu, Yinggang
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Cao, Xiaolei
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zhan, Chirun
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 15323641
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            – Type: volume
              Value: 26
            – Type: issue
              Value: 7
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: International Journal of Geomechanics
              Type: main
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