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Multifunctional Greenly Synthesized ZnFe2O4@ZnO Nanocomposites for Photodegradation of Azo Dyes and Antibacterial Applications: Effect of Radical Scavengers and Reaction Parameters.

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Title: Multifunctional Greenly Synthesized ZnFe2O4@ZnO Nanocomposites for Photodegradation of Azo Dyes and Antibacterial Applications: Effect of Radical Scavengers and Reaction Parameters.
Authors: Faizan, Muhammad1,2 (AUTHOR) faizan.kamboh35@gmail.com, Ishaque, Muhammad Zahid1 (AUTHOR) zahid.ishaque@uos.edu.pk, Zaman, Yasir1 (AUTHOR) yasir.zaman@uos.edu.pk, Siddique, Abu Bakar3 (AUTHOR), Shahzad, Muhammad4 (AUTHOR), Arif, Alia1 (AUTHOR), Zaman, Hira5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Water, Air & Soil Pollution. Jul2026, Vol. 237 Issue 13, p1-21. 21p.
Subject Terms: *Photocatalysis, *Azo dyes, *Photodegradation, *Sustainable chemistry, *Free radical scavengers, *Antibacterial agents, *Wastewater treatment, *Nanostructured materials
Abstract: Water contamination from azo dyes poses a severe environmental concern, requiring effective and sustainable cleanup solutions. In this study, ZnFe₂O₄@ZnO nanocomposites at varying ZnFe₂O₄ ratios (ZF NCs) were synthesized by a green process utilizing Chrysanthemum plant extract, and their structural, optical, and photocatalytic potential were extensively examined. XRD examination revealed the presence of hexagonal ZnO and cubic ZnFe₂O₄ phases, whereas FTIR spectra proved the production of Zn–O and Fe–O vibrations in addition to phytochemicals present on the samples. UV–visible spectroscopy demonstrated a gradual lowering of the optical bandgap from 2.91 to 1.83 eV with increasing ZnFe₂O₄ concentration, indicating improved visible-light absorption. PL spectra confirmed suppressed electron–hole recombination in ZF50 due to efficient heterojunction formation. Among the synthesized samples, ZF50 displayed outstanding photocatalytic activity, exhibiting degradation efficiencies of 92% for methylene blue and 87% for rhodamine B at pH 8, catalyst dose of 5 mg/10 mL and dye concentration of 10 ppm under sunlight, with apparent rate constants of 0.0161 and 0.0073 min⁻1, respectively. Reactive oxygen species trapping studies showed hydroxyl (•OH) and superoxide (•O₂⁻) radicals as the primary contributors to dye degradation, supporting a radical-driven photocatalytic process. Total organic carbon analysis indicated efficient mineralization of dye molecules beyond simple decolorization. Notably, ZF50 demonstrated remarkable reusability and stability, keeping strong photocatalytic activity across five consecutive cycles with low performance loss. Furthermore, the ZF NCs displayed appreciable antibacterial activities, majorly against Gram-negative bacterial strains. These results demonstrated the significant photocatalytic potential and commercial usefulness of ZnFe₂O₄@ZnO NCs for sustainable wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 193806522
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Multifunctional Greenly Synthesized ZnFe<subscript>2</subscript>O<subscript>4</subscript>@ZnO Nanocomposites for Photodegradation of Azo Dyes and Antibacterial Applications: Effect of Radical Scavengers and Reaction Parameters.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Faizan%2C+Muhammad%22">Faizan, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> faizan.kamboh35@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ishaque%2C+Muhammad+Zahid%22">Ishaque, Muhammad Zahid</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zahid.ishaque@uos.edu.pk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zaman%2C+Yasir%22">Zaman, Yasir</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yasir.zaman@uos.edu.pk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Siddique%2C+Abu+Bakar%22">Siddique, Abu Bakar</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shahzad%2C+Muhammad%22">Shahzad, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arif%2C+Alia%22">Arif, Alia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zaman%2C+Hira%22">Zaman, Hira</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Water%2C+Air+%26+Soil+Pollution%22">Water, Air & Soil Pollution</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 237 Issue 13, p1-21. 21p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photocatalysis%22">Photocatalysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Azo+dyes%22">Azo dyes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photodegradation%22">Photodegradation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainable+chemistry%22">Sustainable chemistry</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Free+radical+scavengers%22">Free radical scavengers</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antibacterial+agents%22">Antibacterial agents</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wastewater+treatment%22">Wastewater treatment</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanostructured+materials%22">Nanostructured materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Water contamination from azo dyes poses a severe environmental concern, requiring effective and sustainable cleanup solutions. In this study, ZnFe₂O₄@ZnO nanocomposites at varying ZnFe₂O₄ ratios (ZF NCs) were synthesized by a green process utilizing Chrysanthemum plant extract, and their structural, optical, and photocatalytic potential were extensively examined. XRD examination revealed the presence of hexagonal ZnO and cubic ZnFe₂O₄ phases, whereas FTIR spectra proved the production of Zn–O and Fe–O vibrations in addition to phytochemicals present on the samples. UV–visible spectroscopy demonstrated a gradual lowering of the optical bandgap from 2.91 to 1.83 eV with increasing ZnFe₂O₄ concentration, indicating improved visible-light absorption. PL spectra confirmed suppressed electron–hole recombination in ZF50 due to efficient heterojunction formation. Among the synthesized samples, ZF50 displayed outstanding photocatalytic activity, exhibiting degradation efficiencies of 92% for methylene blue and 87% for rhodamine B at pH 8, catalyst dose of 5 mg/10 mL and dye concentration of 10 ppm under sunlight, with apparent rate constants of 0.0161 and 0.0073 min⁻1, respectively. Reactive oxygen species trapping studies showed hydroxyl (•OH) and superoxide (•O₂⁻) radicals as the primary contributors to dye degradation, supporting a radical-driven photocatalytic process. Total organic carbon analysis indicated efficient mineralization of dye molecules beyond simple decolorization. Notably, ZF50 demonstrated remarkable reusability and stability, keeping strong photocatalytic activity across five consecutive cycles with low performance loss. Furthermore, the ZF NCs displayed appreciable antibacterial activities, majorly against Gram-negative bacterial strains. These results demonstrated the significant photocatalytic potential and commercial usefulness of ZnFe₂O₄@ZnO NCs for sustainable wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=193806522
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s11270-026-09420-5
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 21
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Photocatalysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Azo dyes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photodegradation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sustainable chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Free radical scavengers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antibacterial agents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wastewater treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanostructured materials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Multifunctional Greenly Synthesized ZnFe2O4@ZnO Nanocomposites for Photodegradation of Azo Dyes and Antibacterial Applications: Effect of Radical Scavengers and Reaction Parameters.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Faizan, Muhammad
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            NameFull: Ishaque, Muhammad Zahid
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            NameFull: Zaman, Yasir
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            NameFull: Siddique, Abu Bakar
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            NameFull: Shahzad, Muhammad
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            NameFull: Arif, Alia
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            NameFull: Zaman, Hira
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 00496979
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              Value: 237
            – Type: issue
              Value: 13
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Water, Air & Soil Pollution
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