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Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils: an environmental and food safety perspective.

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Title: Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils: an environmental and food safety perspective.
Authors: Din, Siraj ud1 (AUTHOR) sirajroghnipk@gmail.com, Subhanullah, Muhammad2 (AUTHOR) subhanenv92@gmail.com, Rawan, Bakht3 (AUTHOR) rawanbakht59@gmail.com, Nazneen, Shahla1 (AUTHOR) aangbeenawan@gmail.com, Ilyas, Muhammad3 (AUTHOR) sirfilyas@yahoo.com, da Silva Acioly, Thiago Machado4,5 (AUTHOR) tmsacioly@gmail.com, Ullah, Waheed6 (AUTHOR) waheedu165@gmail.com, Al Asmari, Abdullah Faiz7 (AUTHOR) afsaeed@kku.edu.sa, Islam, Saiful7 (AUTHOR) sfakrul@kku.edu.sa
Source: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment. May2026, Vol. 198 Issue 5, p1-18. 18p.
Subject Terms: *Lead, *Soils, *Chromium, *Food safety, *Cadmium, *Public health, *Pollution, *Heavy metal toxicology
Geographic Terms: Pakistan
Abstract: High concentrations of toxic metals in the environment pose significant risks to ecosystem integrity and human health, especially in areas affected by untreated industrial wastewater discharges. This study investigated the levels of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in irrigation water, agriculture soil, and food crops in six agricultural areas (Khazana, Koto, Khall, Badwan, Chakdara, and Khadagazi) of Lower Dir district, Pakistan. For each locality, samples of soil, irrigation water, and four widely consumed vegetables (tomato Solanum lycopersicum, ladyfinger Abelmoschus esculentus, garlic Allium sativum, and onion Allium cepa) were obtained from three representative sampling points. The measured metal concentrations are used to assess the level of pollution and to evaluate the potential risks to human health. Among the analyzed elements, Pb consistently showed the highest concentrations in all sample types. Maximum levels reached 1.67 mg/kg in soils and 1.18 mg/L in water, while concentrations in vegetables varied between 1.01 and 1.28 mg/kg. Human exposure was evaluated using the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and the Hazard Risk Index (HRI), which indicated that Pb posed the greatest potential risk, particularly through the consumption of onions. The overall trend in dietary intake followed the sequence Cd < Cr < Pb. Nevertheless, all calculated HRI values were lower than the critical limit of unity, suggesting that vegetable consumption from the study area does not currently represent a significant non-carcinogenic health risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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  Availability: 0
Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 193884677
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils: an environmental and food safety perspective.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Din%2C+Siraj+ud%22&quot;&gt;Din, Siraj ud&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; sirajroghnipk@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Subhanullah%2C+Muhammad%22&quot;&gt;Subhanullah, Muhammad&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; subhanenv92@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Rawan%2C+Bakht%22&quot;&gt;Rawan, Bakht&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; rawanbakht59@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Nazneen%2C+Shahla%22&quot;&gt;Nazneen, Shahla&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; aangbeenawan@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ilyas%2C+Muhammad%22&quot;&gt;Ilyas, Muhammad&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; sirfilyas@yahoo.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22da+Silva+Acioly%2C+Thiago+Machado%22&quot;&gt;da Silva Acioly, Thiago Machado&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;4,5&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; tmsacioly@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ullah%2C+Waheed%22&quot;&gt;Ullah, Waheed&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;6&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; waheedu165@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Al+Asmari%2C+Abdullah+Faiz%22&quot;&gt;Al Asmari, Abdullah Faiz&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;7&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; afsaeed@kku.edu.sa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Islam%2C+Saiful%22&quot;&gt;Islam, Saiful&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;7&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; sfakrul@kku.edu.sa&lt;/i&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Environmental+Monitoring+%26+Assessment%22&quot;&gt;Environmental Monitoring &amp; Assessment&lt;/searchLink&gt;. May2026, Vol. 198 Issue 5, p1-18. 18p.
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  Data: *&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Lead%22&quot;&gt;Lead&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Soils%22&quot;&gt;Soils&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Chromium%22&quot;&gt;Chromium&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Food+safety%22&quot;&gt;Food safety&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Cadmium%22&quot;&gt;Cadmium&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Public+health%22&quot;&gt;Public health&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Pollution%22&quot;&gt;Pollution&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Heavy+metal+toxicology%22&quot;&gt;Heavy metal toxicology&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: SubjectGeographic
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Pakistan%22&quot;&gt;Pakistan&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: High concentrations of toxic metals in the environment pose significant risks to ecosystem integrity and human health, especially in areas affected by untreated industrial wastewater discharges. This study investigated the levels of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in irrigation water, agriculture soil, and food crops in six agricultural areas (Khazana, Koto, Khall, Badwan, Chakdara, and Khadagazi) of Lower Dir district, Pakistan. For each locality, samples of soil, irrigation water, and four widely consumed vegetables (tomato Solanum lycopersicum, ladyfinger Abelmoschus esculentus, garlic Allium sativum, and onion Allium cepa) were obtained from three representative sampling points. The measured metal concentrations are used to assess the level of pollution and to evaluate the potential risks to human health. Among the analyzed elements, Pb consistently showed the highest concentrations in all sample types. Maximum levels reached 1.67 mg/kg in soils and 1.18 mg/L in water, while concentrations in vegetables varied between 1.01 and 1.28 mg/kg. Human exposure was evaluated using the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and the Hazard Risk Index (HRI), which indicated that Pb posed the greatest potential risk, particularly through the consumption of onions. The overall trend in dietary intake followed the sequence Cd &lt; Cr &lt; Pb. Nevertheless, all calculated HRI values were lower than the critical limit of unity, suggesting that vegetable consumption from the study area does not currently represent a significant non-carcinogenic health risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=193884677
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10661-026-15311-3
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Lead
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soils
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chromium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Food safety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cadmium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Public health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heavy metal toxicology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pakistan
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils: an environmental and food safety perspective.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Din, Siraj ud
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            NameFull: Subhanullah, Muhammad
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            NameFull: Rawan, Bakht
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            NameFull: Nazneen, Shahla
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            NameFull: Ilyas, Muhammad
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            NameFull: da Silva Acioly, Thiago Machado
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            NameFull: Ullah, Waheed
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            NameFull: Al Asmari, Abdullah Faiz
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            NameFull: Islam, Saiful
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 01676369
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              Value: 198
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              Value: 5
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            – TitleFull: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment
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