Effect of Maturation on the Distribution of Fluorenes, Dibenzothiophenes, and Dibenzofurans in Source Rock: Laboratory Investigation by Hydrous Pyrolysis of Coal Samples in the Erlian Basin.

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Title: Effect of Maturation on the Distribution of Fluorenes, Dibenzothiophenes, and Dibenzofurans in Source Rock: Laboratory Investigation by Hydrous Pyrolysis of Coal Samples in the Erlian Basin.
Authors: Huanxin, Song1,2 (AUTHOR) shx@yangtzeu.edu.cn, Linsheng, Zeng2,3 (AUTHOR), Mengyang, Zhan2,3 (AUTHOR), Xiaotian, Li4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Petroleum Chemistry. Feb2026, Vol. 66 Issue 2, p193-205. 13p.
Subject Terms: *Fluorene compounds, *Dibenzothiophene, *Coal geology, *Geological basins, *Dibenzofurans, *Pyrolysis
Abstract: An immature brown coal sample from the Damoguaihe Formation in the Huolinhe Sag of the Erlian Basin was subjected to hydrous pyrolysis. The thermal evolution characteristics of fluorenes (Fs), dibenzothiophenes (DBTs, SFs), and dibenzofurans (DBFs, OFs) were systematically investigated across a simulated temperature range of 250 to 475°C (equivalent to RO = 0.33–2.17%). The results demonstrate regular variations in the bitumen yield, bulk composition, and conventional maturity parameters of aromatics (e.g., MNR, MPI) with increasing temperature. Notably, the relative content of OFs and the OFs/SFs ratio exhibit a triphasic evolution: initial increase, plateau stabilization (RO = 0.69–1.45%), and then rapid decline at higher maturity levels. Maturity-sensitive parameters, including MDR and the ratios of 4,6-/1,4-DMDBT and 2,4-/1,4-DMDBT, gradually increase to their maximum values at RO = 1.72% and then decrease. Similarly, the (2-+3-)/(1-+4-) MF and (2-+3-)/1-MF ratios follow this unimodal trend, with the inflection point at RO = 1.45%. In contrast, potential oil migration indicators (1-/4-MDBF and 4,6-/2,4-DMDBT ratios) show minimal sensitivity to maturation within the oil window. These findings confirm the universal impact of thermal maturation on the distributions of Fs, DBTs, and DBFs in source rocks. The application of these parameters requires careful consideration of the thermal maturity range to ensure accurate interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 193949356
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Effect of Maturation on the Distribution of Fluorenes, Dibenzothiophenes, and Dibenzofurans in Source Rock: Laboratory Investigation by Hydrous Pyrolysis of Coal Samples in the Erlian Basin.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huanxin%2C+Song%22">Huanxin, Song</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> shx@yangtzeu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Linsheng%2C+Zeng%22">Linsheng, Zeng</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mengyang%2C+Zhan%22">Mengyang, Zhan</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xiaotian%2C+Li%22">Xiaotian, Li</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Petroleum+Chemistry%22">Petroleum Chemistry</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 66 Issue 2, p193-205. 13p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluorene+compounds%22">Fluorene compounds</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dibenzothiophene%22">Dibenzothiophene</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coal+geology%22">Coal geology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geological+basins%22">Geological basins</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dibenzofurans%22">Dibenzofurans</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pyrolysis%22">Pyrolysis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: An immature brown coal sample from the Damoguaihe Formation in the Huolinhe Sag of the Erlian Basin was subjected to hydrous pyrolysis. The thermal evolution characteristics of fluorenes (Fs), dibenzothiophenes (DBTs, SFs), and dibenzofurans (DBFs, OFs) were systematically investigated across a simulated temperature range of 250 to 475°C (equivalent to RO = 0.33–2.17%). The results demonstrate regular variations in the bitumen yield, bulk composition, and conventional maturity parameters of aromatics (e.g., MNR, MPI) with increasing temperature. Notably, the relative content of OFs and the OFs/SFs ratio exhibit a triphasic evolution: initial increase, plateau stabilization (RO = 0.69–1.45%), and then rapid decline at higher maturity levels. Maturity-sensitive parameters, including MDR and the ratios of 4,6-/1,4-DMDBT and 2,4-/1,4-DMDBT, gradually increase to their maximum values at RO = 1.72% and then decrease. Similarly, the (2-+3-)/(1-+4-) MF and (2-+3-)/1-MF ratios follow this unimodal trend, with the inflection point at RO = 1.45%. In contrast, potential oil migration indicators (1-/4-MDBF and 4,6-/2,4-DMDBT ratios) show minimal sensitivity to maturation within the oil window. These findings confirm the universal impact of thermal maturation on the distributions of Fs, DBTs, and DBFs in source rocks. The application of these parameters requires careful consideration of the thermal maturity range to ensure accurate interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1134/S0965544125601541
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 193
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Fluorene compounds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dibenzothiophene
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coal geology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geological basins
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dibenzofurans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pyrolysis
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effect of Maturation on the Distribution of Fluorenes, Dibenzothiophenes, and Dibenzofurans in Source Rock: Laboratory Investigation by Hydrous Pyrolysis of Coal Samples in the Erlian Basin.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Huanxin, Song
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            NameFull: Linsheng, Zeng
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            NameFull: Mengyang, Zhan
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            NameFull: Xiaotian, Li
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 09655441
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              Value: 66
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              Value: 2
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Petroleum Chemistry
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