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Living and nonliving particulate iron in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean.

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Title: Living and nonliving particulate iron in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean.
Authors: Bates, Eleanor S.1 (AUTHOR) esbates@hawaii.edu, Hawco, Nicholas J.1 (AUTHOR) hawco@hawaii.edu
Source: Biogeosciences. 2026, Vol. 23 Issue 9, p3059-3072. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Adenosine triphosphate, *Prochlorococcus, *Ocean gyres, *Metals, *Biogeochemical cycles, *Minerals, *Iron proteins
Geographic Terms: North Pacific Ocean
Abstract: Biogenic and authigenic particulate iron (pFe) are key components of the marine iron cycle, influencing the fate of Fe in the upper ocean. However, their relative contributions to the total pFe pool are challenging to quantify. The chemical leach commonly used to operationally define "labile" pFe is thought to extract both the biogenic and authigenic phases. To independently determine Fe in biomass, we conducted Fe uptake experiments in the surface mixed layer on 12 cruises in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Bulk Fe uptake rates varied ∼ 2.5-fold throughout the year, increasing with higher abundances of Prochlorococcus and picoeukaryotes. We used particulate carbon and phosphorus as biomass estimates in combination with Fe:C uptake ratios, finding that both led to overestimations of the biogenic pFe pool (>200 % of labile pFe in the surface mixed layer). Using the nucleotide adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) as an alternate estimate of living biomass instead suggested that biotic pFe comprised ∼ 60 % of labile pFe in the mixed layer. The remainder of the labile pFe pool, defined as "authigenic + detrital', dominated the labile pFe pool below the euphotic zone, capturing contributions from detrital organic matter, authigenic minerals, and dust. A comparison of Fe phases between Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and the BATS station in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre revealed similar concentrations of dissolved Fe and biotic pFe, but higher authigenic pFe concentrations in the North Atlantic, likely reflecting greater dust deposition. The greater role of biotic pFe in the subtropical North Pacific may enable high efficiency Fe recycling, which rivals that observed in Fe-limited ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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An: 193976264
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  Data: Living and nonliving particulate iron in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bates%2C+Eleanor S%2E%22">Bates, Eleanor S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> esbates@hawaii.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hawco%2C+Nicholas J%2E%22">Hawco, Nicholas J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hawco@hawaii.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Biogeosciences%22">Biogeosciences</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 23 Issue 9, p3059-3072. 14p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adenosine+triphosphate%22">Adenosine triphosphate</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prochlorococcus%22">Prochlorococcus</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean+gyres%22">Ocean gyres</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metals%22">Metals</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biogeochemical+cycles%22">Biogeochemical cycles</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Minerals%22">Minerals</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Iron+proteins%22">Iron proteins</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22North+Pacific+Ocean%22">North Pacific Ocean</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Biogenic and authigenic particulate iron (pFe) are key components of the marine iron cycle, influencing the fate of Fe in the upper ocean. However, their relative contributions to the total pFe pool are challenging to quantify. The chemical leach commonly used to operationally define "labile" pFe is thought to extract both the biogenic and authigenic phases. To independently determine Fe in biomass, we conducted Fe uptake experiments in the surface mixed layer on 12 cruises in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Bulk Fe uptake rates varied ∼ 2.5-fold throughout the year, increasing with higher abundances of Prochlorococcus and picoeukaryotes. We used particulate carbon and phosphorus as biomass estimates in combination with Fe:C uptake ratios, finding that both led to overestimations of the biogenic pFe pool (>200 % of labile pFe in the surface mixed layer). Using the nucleotide adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) as an alternate estimate of living biomass instead suggested that biotic pFe comprised ∼ 60 % of labile pFe in the mixed layer. The remainder of the labile pFe pool, defined as "authigenic + detrital', dominated the labile pFe pool below the euphotic zone, capturing contributions from detrital organic matter, authigenic minerals, and dust. A comparison of Fe phases between Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and the BATS station in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre revealed similar concentrations of dissolved Fe and biotic pFe, but higher authigenic pFe concentrations in the North Atlantic, likely reflecting greater dust deposition. The greater role of biotic pFe in the subtropical North Pacific may enable high efficiency Fe recycling, which rivals that observed in Fe-limited ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.5194/bg-23-3059-2026
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 3059
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Adenosine triphosphate
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prochlorococcus
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ocean gyres
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biogeochemical cycles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Minerals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Iron proteins
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: North Pacific Ocean
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Living and nonliving particulate iron in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean.
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            NameFull: Bates, Eleanor S.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Hawco, Nicholas J.
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 23
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              Value: 9
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            – TitleFull: Biogeosciences
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