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Analytical solutions for estimation of the settlements of buried pipelines adjacent to anchored deep excavations under heavy rainfall.

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Title: Analytical solutions for estimation of the settlements of buried pipelines adjacent to anchored deep excavations under heavy rainfall.
Authors: Chao, Hui1 (AUTHOR), Tan, Yong1 (AUTHOR) tanyong21th@tongji.edu.cn
Source: Geomechanics & Geoengineering. Jun2026, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p758-782. 25p.
Subject Terms: *Buried pipes (Engineering), *Excavation (Civil engineering), *Geotechnical engineering, *Underground pipelines, *Analytical solutions, *Rainfall, *Soil infiltration, *Regression analysis
Abstract: Intense rainfall is a leading cause of failures in deep excavations and adjacent shallowly buried pipelines, underscoring the critical need to evaluate their adverse impacts. To calculate settlements of pipelines adjacent to anchored deep excavations under rainfall, an integrated analytical solution was developed combining the two-stage method, the Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) algorithm and the stratified Green-Ampt (SGA) model. After validation against field data, systematic parametric analyses were conducted. Results showed that the pipeline's maximum settlement (${u_{z,\max }}$ u z , max ) exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing burial depth, bending stiffness and strata elastic modulus. ${u_{z,\max }}$ u z , max exhibited a non-monotonic trend with the pipeline-to-excavation distance, first increasing and then decreasing; its peak value occurred when the pipelines were at a distance of 0.3–0.4 times the final excavation depth. Moreover, a 12-h, 19.4 mm/h rainfall event increased ${u_{z,max}}$ u z , max by 3.2–32%. These effects were more pronounced under conditions of a smaller maximum lateral deflection (${\delta _{hm}}$ δ hm ). To quantify these effects, a simplified formula linking ${u_{z,\max }}$ u z , max and ${\delta _{hm}}$ δ hm was fitted through regression analysis. By incorporating the rainfall intensity formula, an indicator-calculation flowchart was summarised and illustrated with an example, thereby demonstrating how the method enhances the application of the current indicators in heavy rainfall scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194058291
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Analytical solutions for estimation of the settlements of buried pipelines adjacent to anchored deep excavations under heavy rainfall.
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  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chao%2C+Hui%22">Chao, Hui</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tan%2C+Yong%22">Tan, Yong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> tanyong21th@tongji.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Geomechanics+%26+Geoengineering%22">Geomechanics & Geoengineering</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p758-782. 25p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Buried+pipes+%28Engineering%29%22">Buried pipes (Engineering)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Excavation+%28Civil+engineering%29%22">Excavation (Civil engineering)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geotechnical+engineering%22">Geotechnical engineering</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Underground+pipelines%22">Underground pipelines</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analytical+solutions%22">Analytical solutions</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rainfall%22">Rainfall</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+infiltration%22">Soil infiltration</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Intense rainfall is a leading cause of failures in deep excavations and adjacent shallowly buried pipelines, underscoring the critical need to evaluate their adverse impacts. To calculate settlements of pipelines adjacent to anchored deep excavations under rainfall, an integrated analytical solution was developed combining the two-stage method, the Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) algorithm and the stratified Green-Ampt (SGA) model. After validation against field data, systematic parametric analyses were conducted. Results showed that the pipeline's maximum settlement (${u_{z,\max }}$ u z , max ) exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing burial depth, bending stiffness and strata elastic modulus. ${u_{z,\max }}$ u z , max exhibited a non-monotonic trend with the pipeline-to-excavation distance, first increasing and then decreasing; its peak value occurred when the pipelines were at a distance of 0.3–0.4 times the final excavation depth. Moreover, a 12-h, 19.4 mm/h rainfall event increased ${u_{z,max}}$ u z , max by 3.2–32%. These effects were more pronounced under conditions of a smaller maximum lateral deflection (${\delta _{hm}}$ δ hm ). To quantify these effects, a simplified formula linking ${u_{z,\max }}$ u z , max and ${\delta _{hm}}$ δ hm was fitted through regression analysis. By incorporating the rainfall intensity formula, an indicator-calculation flowchart was summarised and illustrated with an example, thereby demonstrating how the method enhances the application of the current indicators in heavy rainfall scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=194058291
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/17486025.2026.2614705
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 25
        StartPage: 758
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Buried pipes (Engineering)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Excavation (Civil engineering)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geotechnical engineering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Underground pipelines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Analytical solutions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rainfall
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil infiltration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Analytical solutions for estimation of the settlements of buried pipelines adjacent to anchored deep excavations under heavy rainfall.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Chao, Hui
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Tan, Yong
    IsPartOfRelationships:
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 17486025
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              Value: 21
            – Type: issue
              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Geomechanics & Geoengineering
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