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Blockchain in the Energy Sector: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.

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Title: Blockchain in the Energy Sector: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.
Authors: Wang, Changchang1 (AUTHOR), Fan, Zhidong2 (AUTHOR) fanzhidong@tpri.com.cn, Yan, Aijun2,3 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Guangxi3,4 (AUTHOR), Lv, Yuefei1,3 (AUTHOR), He, Yuefeng2,3 (AUTHOR), Su, Hang3,4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 10, p2283. 26p.
Subject Terms: *Blockchains, *Energy industries, *Carbon offsetting, *Carbon dioxide mitigation, *Digital technology, *Electric vehicle charging stations
Abstract: With decarbonization, decentralization, and digitalization, energy coordination increasingly involves many actors, heterogeneous cyber–physical data, and compliance-sensitive settlement workflows. Although blockchain has been widely discussed in this domain, existing studies are still fragmented across application-specific or platform-specific narratives. As a result, it remains difficult to compare recurring mechanisms across scenarios or to determine which blockchain functions are operationally justified in deployable energy systems. We address that fragmentation through a structured narrative review of 41 representative sources, including prior surveys, foundational technical references, and scenario-specific studies. We formulate three research questions concerning architectural positioning, cross-scenario mechanisms, and deployment barriers. On this basis, we synthesize a unified five-layer reference architecture that links off-chain physical infrastructure and trusted data acquisition to protocol-level trust anchoring, reusable business services, interface and compliance functions, and application scenarios. The framework is then used to compare five recurring scenario families, namely peer-to-peer energy trading, carbon markets and renewable energy certificates, electric vehicle charging and vehicle-to-grid services, virtual power plants, and grid flexibility coordination. The analysis shows that blockchain is most defensibly positioned as an evidence-and-settlement trust layer, rather than as a replacement for real-time physical control. It also identifies three persistent adoption bottlenecks, namely scalable ledger interaction, trustworthy cyber–physical data binding, and interoperability with regulatory and operational infrastructures. By making the trust boundary explicit and by providing a common analytical lens for cross-scenario comparison, this review clarifies the scientific contribution of blockchain to energy systems and outlines stakeholder-oriented directions for deployable hybrid designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194141398
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Blockchain in the Energy Sector: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Changchang%22">Wang, Changchang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fan%2C+Zhidong%22">Fan, Zhidong</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> fanzhidong@tpri.com.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yan%2C+Aijun%22">Yan, Aijun</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Guangxi%22">Zhang, Guangxi</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lv%2C+Yuefei%22">Lv, Yuefei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22He%2C+Yuefeng%22">He, Yuefeng</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Su%2C+Hang%22">Su, Hang</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 10, p2283. 26p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blockchains%22">Blockchains</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+industries%22">Energy industries</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+offsetting%22">Carbon offsetting</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+dioxide+mitigation%22">Carbon dioxide mitigation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Digital+technology%22">Digital technology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+vehicle+charging+stations%22">Electric vehicle charging stations</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: With decarbonization, decentralization, and digitalization, energy coordination increasingly involves many actors, heterogeneous cyber–physical data, and compliance-sensitive settlement workflows. Although blockchain has been widely discussed in this domain, existing studies are still fragmented across application-specific or platform-specific narratives. As a result, it remains difficult to compare recurring mechanisms across scenarios or to determine which blockchain functions are operationally justified in deployable energy systems. We address that fragmentation through a structured narrative review of 41 representative sources, including prior surveys, foundational technical references, and scenario-specific studies. We formulate three research questions concerning architectural positioning, cross-scenario mechanisms, and deployment barriers. On this basis, we synthesize a unified five-layer reference architecture that links off-chain physical infrastructure and trusted data acquisition to protocol-level trust anchoring, reusable business services, interface and compliance functions, and application scenarios. The framework is then used to compare five recurring scenario families, namely peer-to-peer energy trading, carbon markets and renewable energy certificates, electric vehicle charging and vehicle-to-grid services, virtual power plants, and grid flexibility coordination. The analysis shows that blockchain is most defensibly positioned as an evidence-and-settlement trust layer, rather than as a replacement for real-time physical control. It also identifies three persistent adoption bottlenecks, namely scalable ledger interaction, trustworthy cyber–physical data binding, and interoperability with regulatory and operational infrastructures. By making the trust boundary explicit and by providing a common analytical lens for cross-scenario comparison, this review clarifies the scientific contribution of blockchain to energy systems and outlines stakeholder-oriented directions for deployable hybrid designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=194141398
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.3390/en19102283
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 26
        StartPage: 2283
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      – SubjectFull: Blockchains
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy industries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon offsetting
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon dioxide mitigation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Digital technology
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      – SubjectFull: Electric vehicle charging stations
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Blockchain in the Energy Sector: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.
        Type: main
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              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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