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Operation Optimization of Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Stations via Virtual Power Plant and Carbon Trading.

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Title: Operation Optimization of Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Stations via Virtual Power Plant and Carbon Trading.
Authors: Hu, Xieyu1,2 (AUTHOR), Huang, Yuping1,2,3 (AUTHOR) huangyp@ms.giec.ac.cn, Huang, Yilin1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Yongjian1,2,4 (AUTHOR), Huang, Zhouchun4,5 (AUTHOR), Liang, Yu1,5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 10, p2341. 29p.
Subject Terms: *Carbon emissions, *Process optimization, *Distributed power generation, *Carbon offsetting, *Energy demand management, *Electric vehicles, *Renewable energy sources, *Energy consumption
Abstract: Battery swapping stations (BSSs) serve as critical nodes for electric vehicle energy supply and power load regulation, representing important regulatory resources in modern power systems and making their operational optimization essential for reducing carbon emissions and improving energy efficiency. To address the lack of carbon emission management and low battery utilization efficiency in existing BSS operations, this study proposes a collaborative optimization method that integrates virtual power plants (VPPs) and carbon trading mechanisms. The proposed approach dynamically adjusts charging and discharging schedules to achieve coordinated optimization of energy costs and carbon emissions. A comprehensive BSS operational model considering VPP participation and carbon trading is established, comparing the performance between conventional operation modes and collaborative mechanisms, followed by optimization analysis of four strategic approaches. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively promotes collaborative optimization of BSS in both VPP and carbon trading markets. Through flexible strategy combinations, the approach significantly reduces overall carbon emissions while maximizing both the economic and environmental benefits of BSS operations, providing important support for the sustainable development of modern power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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  Availability: 1
Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194141456
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Operation Optimization of Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Stations via Virtual Power Plant and Carbon Trading.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+Xieyu%22">Hu, Xieyu</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Yuping%22">Huang, Yuping</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> huangyp@ms.giec.ac.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Yilin%22">Huang, Yilin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Yongjian%22">Zhao, Yongjian</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Zhouchun%22">Huang, Zhouchun</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liang%2C+Yu%22">Liang, Yu</searchLink><relatesTo>1,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 10, p2341. 29p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+emissions%22">Carbon emissions</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Process+optimization%22">Process optimization</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Distributed+power+generation%22">Distributed power generation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+offsetting%22">Carbon offsetting</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+demand+management%22">Energy demand management</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+vehicles%22">Electric vehicles</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Renewable+energy+sources%22">Renewable energy sources</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Battery swapping stations (BSSs) serve as critical nodes for electric vehicle energy supply and power load regulation, representing important regulatory resources in modern power systems and making their operational optimization essential for reducing carbon emissions and improving energy efficiency. To address the lack of carbon emission management and low battery utilization efficiency in existing BSS operations, this study proposes a collaborative optimization method that integrates virtual power plants (VPPs) and carbon trading mechanisms. The proposed approach dynamically adjusts charging and discharging schedules to achieve coordinated optimization of energy costs and carbon emissions. A comprehensive BSS operational model considering VPP participation and carbon trading is established, comparing the performance between conventional operation modes and collaborative mechanisms, followed by optimization analysis of four strategic approaches. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively promotes collaborative optimization of BSS in both VPP and carbon trading markets. Through flexible strategy combinations, the approach significantly reduces overall carbon emissions while maximizing both the economic and environmental benefits of BSS operations, providing important support for the sustainable development of modern power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/en19102341
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 29
        StartPage: 2341
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Carbon emissions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Process optimization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Distributed power generation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon offsetting
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy demand management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric vehicles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Renewable energy sources
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy consumption
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Operation Optimization of Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Stations via Virtual Power Plant and Carbon Trading.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Hu, Xieyu
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Huang, Yuping
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Huang, Yilin
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            NameFull: Zhao, Yongjian
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Huang, Zhouchun
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            NameFull: Liang, Yu
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          Dates:
            – D: 15
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
            – Type: issue
              Value: 10
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Energies (19961073)
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