Anchor-LS-Aided Voltage-Sensitivity Estimation and Voltage-Constrained Droop Allocation for VPP-Based Frequency Regulation.
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| Title: | Anchor-LS-Aided Voltage-Sensitivity Estimation and Voltage-Constrained Droop Allocation for VPP-Based Frequency Regulation. |
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| Authors: | Kim, Seungyeon1 (AUTHOR), Lee, Yeryeong1 (AUTHOR), Hwang, Hyun1 (AUTHOR), Suh, Jaewan1 (AUTHOR) jwsuh@inu.ac.kr |
| Source: | Energies (19961073). May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 10, p2393. 25p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Sensitivity analysis, *Electric power system control, *Distributed power generation, *Distributed resources (Electric utilities) |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a voltage-sensitivity estimation and droop-allocation framework for virtual power plant (VPP)-based frequency regulation in partially observable distribution feeders. In practical distribution systems, active-power adjustments by distributed energy resources (DERs) for frequency regulation may cause voltage excursions, while full real-time feeder information is often unavailable. To address this issue, an anchor-least-squares (Anchor-LS)-aided sensitivity-estimation method is developed using only point-of-common-coupling (PCC) voltage measurements and feeder-network information. Unlike state-estimation-based, data-driven, or optimization-heavy approaches that typically require wider measurement coverage, large training datasets, or repeated centralized computation, the proposed framework is designed for fast VPP-based frequency regulation under partial observability using only limited PCC measurements and feeder information. The proposed method reconstructs an approximate operating point and derives an operating-point-sensitive PCC voltage-magnitude-sensitivity matrix based on a coupled Z-bus formulation. Based on the estimated sensitivity, a voltage-constrained asymmetric droop-allocation framework is developed for under-frequency and over-frequency events, together with a practical iterative droop-adjustment method that mitigates PCC voltage violations without relying on a full optimization-based dispatch model. The proposed framework is validated through two case studies. In Monte Carlo simulations on the IEEE 33-bus feeder, the proposed sensitivity model reduced the mean RMSE by about 117 times compared with the common-path resistance method and by about 30 times compared with the conventional Z-bus method. In simulations on a practical 115-bus Korean distribution feeder, the proposed method achieved acceptable droop capacities comparable to those of a centralized LP baseline while reducing the mean computation time by about 3.2 times for both under-frequency and over-frequency events. These results confirm the practical usefulness of the proposed framework for fast VPP-based frequency regulation in real distribution networks under partial observability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Database: | Energy & Power Source |
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| Header | DbId: enr DbLabel: Energy & Power Source An: 194141508 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Anchor-LS-Aided Voltage-Sensitivity Estimation and Voltage-Constrained Droop Allocation for VPP-Based Frequency Regulation. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Seungyeon%22">Kim, Seungyeon</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee%2C+Yeryeong%22">Lee, Yeryeong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hwang%2C+Hyun%22">Hwang, Hyun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Suh%2C+Jaewan%22">Suh, Jaewan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jwsuh@inu.ac.kr</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 10, p2393. 25p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sensitivity+analysis%22">Sensitivity analysis</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+power+system+control%22">Electric power system control</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Distributed+power+generation%22">Distributed power generation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Distributed+resources+%28Electric+utilities%29%22">Distributed resources (Electric utilities)</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This paper proposes a voltage-sensitivity estimation and droop-allocation framework for virtual power plant (VPP)-based frequency regulation in partially observable distribution feeders. In practical distribution systems, active-power adjustments by distributed energy resources (DERs) for frequency regulation may cause voltage excursions, while full real-time feeder information is often unavailable. To address this issue, an anchor-least-squares (Anchor-LS)-aided sensitivity-estimation method is developed using only point-of-common-coupling (PCC) voltage measurements and feeder-network information. Unlike state-estimation-based, data-driven, or optimization-heavy approaches that typically require wider measurement coverage, large training datasets, or repeated centralized computation, the proposed framework is designed for fast VPP-based frequency regulation under partial observability using only limited PCC measurements and feeder information. The proposed method reconstructs an approximate operating point and derives an operating-point-sensitive PCC voltage-magnitude-sensitivity matrix based on a coupled Z-bus formulation. Based on the estimated sensitivity, a voltage-constrained asymmetric droop-allocation framework is developed for under-frequency and over-frequency events, together with a practical iterative droop-adjustment method that mitigates PCC voltage violations without relying on a full optimization-based dispatch model. The proposed framework is validated through two case studies. In Monte Carlo simulations on the IEEE 33-bus feeder, the proposed sensitivity model reduced the mean RMSE by about 117 times compared with the common-path resistance method and by about 30 times compared with the conventional Z-bus method. In simulations on a practical 115-bus Korean distribution feeder, the proposed method achieved acceptable droop capacities comparable to those of a centralized LP baseline while reducing the mean computation time by about 3.2 times for both under-frequency and over-frequency events. These results confirm the practical usefulness of the proposed framework for fast VPP-based frequency regulation in real distribution networks under partial observability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=194141508 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/en19102393 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 25 StartPage: 2393 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Sensitivity analysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Electric power system control Type: general – SubjectFull: Distributed power generation Type: general – SubjectFull: Distributed resources (Electric utilities) Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Anchor-LS-Aided Voltage-Sensitivity Estimation and Voltage-Constrained Droop Allocation for VPP-Based Frequency Regulation. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kim, Seungyeon – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lee, Yeryeong – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hwang, Hyun – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Suh, Jaewan IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 05 Text: May2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19961073 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 19 – Type: issue Value: 10 Titles: – TitleFull: Energies (19961073) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
