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Eutectic-based self-emulsifying drug delivery system for enhanced oral delivery of risperidone.

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Title: Eutectic-based self-emulsifying drug delivery system for enhanced oral delivery of risperidone.
Authors: Rifai, Alaa1 (AUTHOR), Alkhawaja, Bayan1 (AUTHOR), Al-Akayleh, Faisal1 (AUTHOR) falakayleh@uop.edu.jo, Al-Remawi, Mayyas1 (AUTHOR), Nasereddin, Jehad2 (AUTHOR), Abdel Rahim, Safwan3 (AUTHOR), Woodman, Tim4 (AUTHOR), Ali Agha, Ahmed Saad Abdulbari1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Dispersion Science & Technology. 2026, Vol. 47 Issue 8, p1548-1559. 12p.
Subject Terms: *Drug delivery systems, *Bioavailability, *Drug solubility, *Oral drug administration, *Risperidone, *Excipients
Abstract: Implementing therapeutic deep eutectic systems (THDESs) in various drug delivery systems (DDSs) has expanded enormously. THDESs offer eco-friendly alternatives to conventional organic solvents, featuring adaptable and simple preparation methods with high-yield products. Previously, the solubility of risperidone (RISP) was immensely enhanced by forming a hydrophobic THDES of RISP with capric acid (CA). To build upon the previous findings and utilize the hydrophobic properties of THDES, a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) was developed. A stable SEDDS formulation was successfully developed using the THDES as the nonpolar phase, a nonionic surfactant, Tween 20, and a co-surfactant, PEG 400. By employing a pseudo-ternary phase diagram, the ideal ratio of Tween 20 to PEG 400 was determined to be 3:1. The developed SEDDS demonstrated robust stability in thermal stability tests, dispersity evaluations, and dilution tests, exhibiting no instances of phase separation or precipitation. Gratifyingly, the in vitro dissolution of RISP through the developed SEDDS showed a higher release by 3-fold after 5 min and achieved 90% release within 2 hours. More interestingly, the plasma profile of RISP and the SEDDS were compared in rats, which revealed an improved drug bioavailability, as indicated by the attained higher AUC0–∞ (3907.06 versus 3426.28 h µg/ml) and a significantly higher Cmax (68.97 versus 50.35 µg/ml) with the SEDDS formulation when compared to RISP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194165982
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Eutectic-based self-emulsifying drug delivery system for enhanced oral delivery of risperidone.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rifai%2C+Alaa%22">Rifai, Alaa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alkhawaja%2C+Bayan%22">Alkhawaja, Bayan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Al-Akayleh%2C+Faisal%22">Al-Akayleh, Faisal</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> falakayleh@uop.edu.jo</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Al-Remawi%2C+Mayyas%22">Al-Remawi, Mayyas</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nasereddin%2C+Jehad%22">Nasereddin, Jehad</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abdel+Rahim%2C+Safwan%22">Abdel Rahim, Safwan</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Woodman%2C+Tim%22">Woodman, Tim</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ali+Agha%2C+Ahmed+Saad+Abdulbari%22">Ali Agha, Ahmed Saad Abdulbari</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Dispersion+Science+%26+Technology%22">Journal of Dispersion Science & Technology</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 47 Issue 8, p1548-1559. 12p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+delivery+systems%22">Drug delivery systems</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bioavailability%22">Bioavailability</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+solubility%22">Drug solubility</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oral+drug+administration%22">Oral drug administration</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risperidone%22">Risperidone</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Excipients%22">Excipients</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Implementing therapeutic deep eutectic systems (THDESs) in various drug delivery systems (DDSs) has expanded enormously. THDESs offer eco-friendly alternatives to conventional organic solvents, featuring adaptable and simple preparation methods with high-yield products. Previously, the solubility of risperidone (RISP) was immensely enhanced by forming a hydrophobic THDES of RISP with capric acid (CA). To build upon the previous findings and utilize the hydrophobic properties of THDES, a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) was developed. A stable SEDDS formulation was successfully developed using the THDES as the nonpolar phase, a nonionic surfactant, Tween 20, and a co-surfactant, PEG 400. By employing a pseudo-ternary phase diagram, the ideal ratio of Tween 20 to PEG 400 was determined to be 3:1. The developed SEDDS demonstrated robust stability in thermal stability tests, dispersity evaluations, and dilution tests, exhibiting no instances of phase separation or precipitation. Gratifyingly, the in vitro dissolution of RISP through the developed SEDDS showed a higher release by 3-fold after 5 min and achieved 90% release within 2 hours. More interestingly, the plasma profile of RISP and the SEDDS were compared in rats, which revealed an improved drug bioavailability, as indicated by the attained higher AUC0–∞ (3907.06 versus 3426.28 h µg/ml) and a significantly higher Cmax (68.97 versus 50.35 µg/ml) with the SEDDS formulation when compared to RISP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=194165982
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/01932691.2024.2448748
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 1548
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Drug delivery systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bioavailability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug solubility
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oral drug administration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risperidone
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Excipients
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Eutectic-based self-emulsifying drug delivery system for enhanced oral delivery of risperidone.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Rifai, Alaa
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            NameFull: Alkhawaja, Bayan
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            NameFull: Al-Akayleh, Faisal
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            NameFull: Al-Remawi, Mayyas
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            NameFull: Nasereddin, Jehad
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            NameFull: Abdel Rahim, Safwan
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            NameFull: Ali Agha, Ahmed Saad Abdulbari
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 47
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              Value: 8
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Dispersion Science & Technology
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