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Eco-friendly construction material: mechanical and durability properties of flyash-lime-gypsum bricks.

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Title: Eco-friendly construction material: mechanical and durability properties of flyash-lime-gypsum bricks.
Authors: Hameed, Asif1 (AUTHOR), Ejaz, Zukhruf1 (AUTHOR), Sultan, Muhammad1 (AUTHOR), Rasool, Ali Murtaza2 (AUTHOR) ali_eng@hotmail.com, Shaukat Khan, Qasim1 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Coal Preparation & Utilization. 2026, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p1581-1600. 20p.
Subject Terms: *Compressive strength, *Bricks, *Permeability, *Mechanical behavior of materials, *Durability, *Brick industry, *Ecological impact, *Sustainable buildings
Abstract: This study investigates the use of fly ash (FA) as a sustainable substitute in brick production, aiming to reduce environmental impact while enabling responsible FA disposal. Flyash-Lime-Gypsum (FaL-G) bricks offer reduced emissions of topsoil, smoke, and heavy metals. The study is divided into two experimental phases. Phase I focuses on optimizing the mix and manufacturing parameters for small cube specimens by evaluating the effects of different FA-to-sand ratios (0.30:0.70, 0.35:0.65, and 0.40:0.60), constant gypsum (2%) and lime (12.5%) contents, and varying casting pressures (0, 5, and 10 MPa) on compressive strength. Phase II builds upon the optimal mix from Phase I to fabricate full-sized bricks (228 mm × 114 mm × 76 mm), analyzing their mechanical and durability performance under varied lime contents (10–20%) and casting pressures (0–20 MPa). Results show that compressive strength and density increased with casting pressure and lime content, while water absorption decreased. The FaL-G bricks outperformed traditional clay bricks in strength, water resistance, and acid resistance, complying with ASTM C62–23 and C67–21 standards. These findings position FaL-G bricks as a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to conventional bricks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194221853
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Eco-friendly construction material: mechanical and durability properties of flyash-lime-gypsum bricks.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hameed%2C+Asif%22">Hameed, Asif</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ejaz%2C+Zukhruf%22">Ejaz, Zukhruf</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sultan%2C+Muhammad%22">Sultan, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rasool%2C+Ali+Murtaza%22">Rasool, Ali Murtaza</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ali_eng@hotmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shaukat+Khan%2C+Qasim%22">Shaukat Khan, Qasim</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Coal+Preparation+%26+Utilization%22">International Journal of Coal Preparation & Utilization</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p1581-1600. 20p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compressive+strength%22">Compressive strength</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bricks%22">Bricks</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Permeability%22">Permeability</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Durability%22">Durability</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brick+industry%22">Brick industry</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ecological+impact%22">Ecological impact</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainable+buildings%22">Sustainable buildings</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study investigates the use of fly ash (FA) as a sustainable substitute in brick production, aiming to reduce environmental impact while enabling responsible FA disposal. Flyash-Lime-Gypsum (FaL-G) bricks offer reduced emissions of topsoil, smoke, and heavy metals. The study is divided into two experimental phases. Phase I focuses on optimizing the mix and manufacturing parameters for small cube specimens by evaluating the effects of different FA-to-sand ratios (0.30:0.70, 0.35:0.65, and 0.40:0.60), constant gypsum (2%) and lime (12.5%) contents, and varying casting pressures (0, 5, and 10 MPa) on compressive strength. Phase II builds upon the optimal mix from Phase I to fabricate full-sized bricks (228 mm × 114 mm × 76 mm), analyzing their mechanical and durability performance under varied lime contents (10–20%) and casting pressures (0–20 MPa). Results show that compressive strength and density increased with casting pressure and lime content, while water absorption decreased. The FaL-G bricks outperformed traditional clay bricks in strength, water resistance, and acid resistance, complying with ASTM C62–23 and C67–21 standards. These findings position FaL-G bricks as a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to conventional bricks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=enr&AN=194221853
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/19392699.2025.2505447
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 1581
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Compressive strength
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bricks
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Permeability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Durability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brick industry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ecological impact
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sustainable buildings
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Eco-friendly construction material: mechanical and durability properties of flyash-lime-gypsum bricks.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Hameed, Asif
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            NameFull: Ejaz, Zukhruf
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            NameFull: Sultan, Muhammad
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Rasool, Ali Murtaza
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            NameFull: Shaukat Khan, Qasim
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 46
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Coal Preparation & Utilization
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